Please answer the following: Diagnose where the location of the injury occurs ba
ID: 3482967 • Letter: P
Question
Please answer the following:
Diagnose where the location of the injury occurs based on the patients' symptoms. Need to include side of body, region in brain or spinal cord, and if needed specific tract or sensation being altered 9. Patient #1-complete loss of sensation on right side, but no problems with increasing heart rate, no problem moving right or left leg a. b, Patient #2-muscles controlling eye movement are impaired but no loss of vision, also impaired parasympathetic output Patient #3-can't regulate parasympathetic output or move right hips or butt, all sensory information from right hips and butt is perfectly fine c. d. Patient #4-problem with pain and temperature in his left arm, but no problem with the knee-jerk reflex in his right leg e. Patient #5-lateral corticospinal tract on the right side in the thoracic region f. Patient #6-can't cause constriction of blood vessels in the upper digestive tract upon exercise, but can move both legs Patient #7-can't feel touch or pressure on right arm but feel pain and temp in on the left side of neck; able to move left leg and right abdominal area g. Patient #8-loss of pain and temperature sense in the right leg, but no problem with 2-point discrimination or response in touch in either leg h. i. Patient #9's _ the right primary cortex controlling the lateral corticopsi nal tract in the lumbar region J. Patient #10's-dorsal column on the right side of the spinal cord in the thoracic spinal cordExplanation / Answer
The sensory nerve fibers carry the sensory information from the skin called cutaneous receptors are stimulated by pain, heat, cold, and touch(spinothalamic tract) & Lemniscal tracts) The sensory receptors present in the tendons, muscles, and joints are called proprioception, are stimulated by stretch. The nerve impulses from the body to the brain via peripheral sensory fibers and spinal cord. The impulses are passed by three neurons to the sensory area in the opposite hemisphere of the cerebrum where the sensation and location are perceived. Crossing the other side(decussation) occurs at the medulla Oblongata (except spinocerebellar tract)
The sensory nerve tract called afferent nerves ( Lemniscal system, spinocerebellar tract and spinothalamic tract ). Together with impulses from the eyes and the ears they are associated with the maintenance of balance and posture and with the perception of the position of the body in space(spinocerebellar which tract directly reaches the cerebellum and cerebral cortex with no decussation) The sensory impulses reaches the Thalamus then to the cerebral cortex (somatosensory area).
The decending tract in the spinal cord which brings the motor impulses from the motor cortex(broad man's area 4 & 6), to the skeletal muscles via brain path way, spinal cord, peripheral nerve by the three order of neurons. The motor tract crossing over (decussation) occurs at medulla Oblongata.
Cranial nerve involved in motor & sensory action. The third (Occulomotor), fourth(trochlear), & sixth (abducen) cranial nerve supplies extrinsic muscles of the eye which responsible for eye ball movements. The fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal), both motor (mastication muscles) & sensory (face).
a) Patient A- Complete loss of sensation definitely indicates pathology occurs on the Left brain (sensory cortex, sensory pathway fibres in the brain, or same side injury in the the spinal cord). The opposite loss of sensation due decussation of nerves fibers at the medulla Oblongata.
b) Patient II- The loss of eye movement obviously shows the impairment in the cranial nerve, the third (Occulomotor), fourth(trochlear), & sixth (abducen). The Occulomotor nerve, contains, both somatic as well as parasymphathetic nerve which supply the smooth muscles of the pupil and ciliary bodies of the eyes.
c) Patient III- The patient doesn't control the the parasymphathetic and unable to move the hip which clearly shows the disturbance in the genitourinary system because parasymphathetic system regulate the relaxation of detrusor and spasm of the sphincter leading to retention of urine results.
d) Patient IV- The loss of pain and temperature on the left side indicates the the sensory loss from the demotome (C4C5 & T2T3) . The impairment may be at the contralaterlal side of right brain due to decussation or Ipsilteral side when there is a injury occurs in the spinal cord because pain n temperature fibres travels on the same side of the spinal cord.