CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING --Chapter 18, 19 and 20 Group 1 List the five primary f
ID: 3483154 • Letter: C
Question
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING --Chapter 18, 19 and 20 Group 1 List the five primary functions of the kidneys and briefly describe the secondary endocrine and endocrine-like functions of the kidneys. Also, describe the location of the two types of nephrons present in the kidneys. How do the two nephron types differ? 1. 2. Identify the structures in the figure below (label all the parts). What is the function of the highlighted region? Which cells are involved? What do they secrete, and what effect will their secretions have?Explanation / Answer
1.Primitive functions of kidneys are:
a.Removes wastes and extra fluid.
b.Makes red blood cells.
c.Controls blood pressure.
d.Controls pH levels.
e.Keep bones healthy.
Secondary endocrine functions of kidneys are:
* Kidneys produce three important harmone like erythropoietin, calcitriol and renin.
* They synthesize prostaglandins which affect many processes in kidneys.
* In addition to synthesis, the kidneys also contribute to degradation of certain harmones such as insulin or parathyroid harmone.
The two types of nephrons in kidneys are:
* Superficial cortical nephrons, which has their glomeruli in the outer cortex.
* Juxtamedullary nephrons, which has their glomeruli near the cortico medullary border.
The cortical nephrons lie in the cortex of kidney and form about 80% of nephrons, where as juxtamedullary nephrons have their Bowman's capsule very close to the funtion of cortex and the medulla and have long loops of Henley extending deep into medulla.
2.The highlighted parts include proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule.
Proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs ions, water and nutrients, removes toxins and adjusts filterate pH.
Distal convoluted tubule selectively secretes and absorbs different ions to maintain blood pH and electrolyte balance.