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Question
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1.What distinguished Homo sapiens from other hominids? How did Homo sapiens evolve? In other words, explain the causes of the evolution of Homo sapiens. 2. Examine the evidence of human evolution as documented at the Bradshaw Foundation website. Describe the types of evidence we have for hominin evolution. Does the evidence provide convincing picture of the evolution of hominids? Also, does the rock art change your view of how primitive "cave people" were during the Paleolithic? Why or why not?
Explanation / Answer
These most distinctive features—which includes changes in the skull and postcranial skeleton (skeleton minus skull)—suggest changes in brain size and architecture and an adaptation to tropical environments.
Another distinctive features of the Homo sapiens skeleton are present in the postcranial skeleton. The postcranial skeleton is very light which is relative to earlier species and lacks the adaptations to cold environments found in Homo neanderthalensis—e.g., thick, shortened limb bones and wide rib cages and hips..
Perhaps one more interesting features found in Homo sapiens are behavioral traits. These traits, represent behavioral strategies which are not seen in any other hominin species.
The process of evolution
The process of evolution include many series and steps of natural changes that cause species (populations of different organisms) to arise, adapt to the environment, and become extinct. All organisms have originated by the process of biological evolution. In animals that reproduce sexually, including humans, the term species means a group in which adult members regularly interbreed, which results in formation of fertile offspring -- that is, offspring themselves capable of reproducing. In this system, modern humans are classified as Homo sapiens.
Evolution occurs when any change in the genetic material -- the chemical molecule, DNA -- which is actually inherited from the parents, and especially in the different genes proportion in a population. Genes represent the segments of DNA which provide the chemical code called codon for producing proteins. Information contained in the DNA can change by a process known as mutation. The way particular genes are expressed – that how they influence the body or behavior of an organism -- can also change. Genes affect how the body and behavior of an organism develop during its life, and this is why genetically inherited characteristics can influence the likelihood of an organism’s survival and reproduction.
Evolution do not change any single individual, but it changes the inherited means of growth and development that a population. Parents pass these adaptive genetic changes to the coming offspring, and ultimately these changes become common in a whole population. Hence, the offspring inherit those genetic characteristics that enhance their chances of survival and ability to give birth, which may work well until the environment changes. Over time, genetic change can alter a species' overall way of life, such as what it eats, how it grows, and where it can live. Human evolution took place as new genetic variations in early ancestor organism favored may different new abilities according to the Drive to adapt to environmental change and so altered the human way of life.