Please explain and answer each question... 1) Compare and contrast peptide hormo
ID: 3520074 • Letter: P
Question
Please explain and answer each question...
1) Compare and contrast peptide hormones and steroid hormones on terms of when they are synthesized, how they are transported, location of receptor, and general target response
2) Describe how negative feedback works and provide a specific example of both short-loop and long-loop negative feedback.
3) Diagram the mechanism of calcium balance in the body.
4) Describe the mechanism of goiter development seen in hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency.
5) Diagram the hormonal control of gametogenesis in females including feedback pathways.
6) Describe how levels of follicle stimulating hormone fluctuate during the four stages of the menstrual cycle.
Explanation / Answer
Ans 1:- Peptide Hormones:- These hormones are hydrophilic they are composed of large (polypeptides) or small amion acid derivatives, synrhesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are stored in vesicles and once the secretion signal comes from outside on the cell they are released, they are freely transported in the blood stream, peptide hormones will bind to receptors on the cells they are effecting and induce a cascading effect except thyroxine which has a receptor inside cell (cytoplasm) once they bind the surface receptor a downward signalling through secondary messengers is generated whic result in modification of enzyme activity. their timing of effect is short lived or rapid.
Steroid hormomes :- steroid hormone are hydrophobic in nature and are small than peptide hormones, synthesized on smooth endoplasmic reticulum , they are synthesized only in need and once synthesized are immediately utilized thus are not stored like that of peptide hormones, while their transport in the blood they are stuck to thhe carrier protein, their receptors are present inside cells i.e, cytoplasmic receptors, upon binding to the receptor they alter gene expression by regulating DNA transcription, the timing of efect is slow but long lasting.