Structures - Be able to identify the structures of the heart and list their func

Question

Structures - Be able to identify the structures of the heart and list their function L/R Atria/Ventricles -Cuspid/Semilunar Valves Vessels to/from the Heart - Chordae Tendinae Be able to explain the flow of blood through the heart - Be able to differentiate the Pulmonary/Systemic Circuits Be able to explain the difference between Arteries/Veins Lab 4-Cardiovascular Sounds. BP. and Vessels Ascultation -Be able to identify the different sounds of the heart and where to listen with a stethoscope - Lub/Dub Ausculatory Areas -Be able to explain how the electrical system of the heart works Be able to explain the different parts of an electrocardiogram Blood Pressure -Be able to explain the difference between Systole/Diastole Be able to describe the steps for a blood pressure reading

Explanation / Answer

Structures

1) Structure of heart and functions

1. Chambers of heart

2. Valves

3. Vessles  

4. Chordae tendinae : They hold atrioventricular valves in position.

2) Blood flow through the heart

Steps

Inferior and superior venacava --- > Right atrum ----> opens tricuspid valve ------> Right ventricle ------ > opens pulmonary valve --------- > pulmonary trunk ----------> lungs -----> pulmonary veins ------> left atrium -----> opens bicuspid valve ---------> left ventricle --------> opens aortic valve --------> Aorta ----> Body parts --------> Cappilary beds ------> Venules --------> Superior and inferior venacava.

3) Diffentriate systemic and pulmonary ciurcuits  

Systemic circuit : Loops of blood vessels carrying blood between heart and body parts.
Composed of superior and inferior vena cava, Aorta
Helps to provide nutrients to the body tissues.

Pulmonary circiut : Loops of blood vessels carrying blood between heart and Lungs.
Composed of Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins
Helps to purify the blood and oxygenation of blood.

4) Difference between arteries and veins

Lab 4

1. AUSCULTATION

2. Electrical system of heart

Components include : SA node, AV node, Bundle of his , Purkinje fibres
SA node (present at at the junction where the superior vena cava enters the right atrium) is the pacemaker of heart. It sends an impulse for atrial contraction.
The stimulation reaches AV node ( Present at bottom of right atrium) and travels through bundle of his and purkinje fibers.
Bundle of his are located in septum and purkinje fibers are distributed in bothe ventricles.
It causes ventricular contraction.
Then there is a phase of relaxation called complete diastole.

3. Parts of electrocardiogram

BLOOD PRESSURE

Normal reading is 120/80 mm of Hg.

ARTERIES VEINS Move away from heart Move towards the heart Blood pressure is high Blood pressure is low Valves are absent Valves are present Small lumen Large lumen More elastic fibers Less elastic fibers

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