Please answer this question Briefly answer the following questions a) Explain th
ID: 3586222 • Letter: P
Question
Please answer this question
Briefly answer the following questions
a) Explain the relation of bootstrap program (sometimes called firmware) and kernel.
b) Why do some I/O devices have local buffers? How is this buffer used in the interaction between the I/O device and the CPU?
c) What is the condition for a process to be moved from ready queue to I/O queue? What is the condition for a process to be moved from I/O queue to ready queue?
d) Explain the critical section problem.
Explanation / Answer
D.) Critical section problem is a kind of process synchronization that means sharing the system recources by different process concurrently
It is a code of segment that accessed shared variable and allowed one process to execute at a time using that variable . It will wait the other process until first one finishedit is executed in 3 steps .
Mutual exclusion , progress , waiting .
B.)buffer is used by input output device to store data temporarily . Buffer is generally used when data from I/o device arrived to kernel at uncertain time the data then stored in buffer for some time interval till kernel gets free .
Sometime I/o device uses it's local buffer when a device is slow and other device is fast then slow device collect all it's data in buffer and send it at once to the fast device .
A.) Kernel is the core program of operating system which controls everything in the system . It is also the first program loads when the bootstrap is done .
Bootstrapping is nothing but it loads the operating system on CPU and the very first program is the kernel that loads on computer.
C.) For any process to moved from ready queue to I/o queue is when CPU execute the process and the process needs some input from the user or to show some output the CPU holds the process till the process goes to I/o device and execute the process . And vice versa .