Can you help me with these questions? Thank you 4. What requirements qualify as
ID: 3875529 • Letter: C
Question
Can you help me with these questions? Thank you
4. What requirements qualify as functional requirements? Specify in what manner they need to be achieved 5. Which decisions are those taken by the software engineer about the best ways (processes, techniques, and technologies) to achieve the requirements? 6. What type of testing refers to testing done by the clients (or somebody on their behalf) to make sure the program runs as specified? 7. What is GUI? What is CLI? 8. List three of the typical kinds of nonfunctional requirements.Explanation / Answer
4)Answer:
The official definition of 'a functional requirement' is that it essentially specifies something the system should do. Typically, functional requirements will specify a behaviour or function, for example: “Display the name, total size, available space and format of a flash drive connected to the USB port.
a functional requirement defines a function of a system or its component. A function is described as a set of inputs, the behavior, and outputs.
Functional requirements may be calculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing and other specific functionality that define what a system is supposed to accomplish. Behavioral requirements describing all the cases where the system uses the functional requirements are captured in use cases. Functional requirements are supported by non-functional requirements (also known as quality requirements), which impose constraints on the design or implementation (such as performance requirements, security, or reliability). Generally, functional requirements are expressed in the form "system must do <requirement>", while non-functional requirements are "system shall be <requirement>". The plan for implementing functional requirements is detailed in the system design. The plan for implementing non-functional requirements is detailed in the system architecture.
As defined in requirements engineering, functional requirements specify particular results of a system. This should be contrasted with non-functional requirements which specify overall characteristics such as cost and reliability. Functional requirements drive the application architecture of a system, while non-functional requirements drive the technical architecture of a system.
In some cases a requirements analyst generates use cases after gathering and validating a set of functional requirements. The hierarchy of functional requirements is: user/stakeholder request feature use case business rule. Each use case illustrates behavioral scenarios through one or more functional requirements. Often, though, an analyst will begin by eliciting a set of use cases, from which the analyst can derive the functional requirements that must be implemented to allow a user to perform each use case.
7)Answer:
GUI:
A graphical user interface (GUI) is an interface through which a user interacts with electronic devices such as computers, hand-held devices and other appliances. This interface uses icons, menus and other visual indicator (graphics) representations to display information and related user controls, unlike text-based interfaces, where data and commands are in text. GUIl representations are manipulated by a pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, or a finger on a touch screen.
The need for GUI became apparent because the first human/computer text interface was through keyboard text creation by what is called a prompt (or DOS prompt). Commands were typed on a keyboard at the DOS prompt to initiate responses from a computer. The use of these commands and the need for exact spelling created a cumbersome and inefficient interface.
In the late 1970s, the Xerox Palo Alto research laboratory created GUIs, which are now common in Windows, Mac OS, and many software applications. By using specially designed and labeled images, pictures, shapes and color combinations, objects were depicted on the computer screen that either resembled the operation to be performed or were intuitively recognized by the user. Today, each OS has its own GUI. Software applications use these and add additional GUIs of their own.
How we interface with a computer is constantly being revised and reinvented. Human ingenuity has brought users from the keyboard to the mouse and trackball, touch screens and voice commands.
A visual language has evolved as GUI has become commonplace in both operating systems (OS) and software applications. Even those with few computer skills can now, through the use of GUI, learn how to use computer applications for word processing, finances, inventory, design, artwork or hobbies.
CLI:
Command line interface (CLI) is a text-based interface that is used to operate software and operating systems while allowing the user to respond to visual prompts by typing single commands into the interface and receiving a reply in the same way.
CLI is quite different from the graphical user interface (GUI) that is presently being used in the latest operating systems.
CLI is an older method for interacting with applications and operating systems and is used to perform specific tasks required by users. CLI is a text-based interface, unlike the GUI, which uses graphical options that enable the user to interact with the operating system and applications.
CLI allows a user to perform tasks by entering commands. Its working mechanism is very easy, but it is not user friendly. Users enter the specific command, press “Enter”, and then wait for a response. After receiving the command, the CLI processes it accordingly and shows the output/result on the same screen; command line interpreter is used for this purpose
CLI was introduced with the teletypewriter machine. This system was based on batched processing. Modern computers support CLI, batch processing and GUI in one interface.
In order to best make use of CLI, a user must be able to enter a bundle of commands (one by one) quickly. There are many applications (mono-processing systems) that still use CLI for their operators. In addition, some programming languages, such as Forth, Python and BASIC, offer CLI. Command line interpreter is used to implement the text-based interface.
Another feature of CLI is command prompt, which is employed as a sequence of characters used in the user interface, or shell. Command prompt is used to notify users that CLI is ready to accept commands.
MS-DOS is the best example of CLI.
8)Answer:
typical non-functional requirements are: