Diabetes Mellitus Case Study As a teen, Dan the Diabetic occasionally failed to
ID: 44703 • Letter: D
Question
Diabetes Mellitus Case Study
As a teen, Dan the Diabetic occasionally failed to follow the advice of his endocrinologist and his mom. On a school trip to Disneyworld one summer, he took a serious detour from his recommended diet. After 2 days of junk food and not enough insulin, he found himself visiting the restroom frequently. As the bus was loading to leave late that day, he passed out, so his friends called EMS. The paramedics recorded his blood sugar as 550 mg/dL and his blood pressure as 90/50 mm Hg.
What happened to these parameters and processes as Dan went from relatively normal plasma insulin & glucose levels to hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia? Answer increase (
Explanation / Answer
Metabolism
Decrease glucose uptake by RBCs Decrease glucose uptake by skeletal muscle
Decrease glucose uptake by liver Increase plasma glucagon
Decrease triglycerides in adipose tissue Increase lipolysis
Decrease glycogenesis Increase plasma ketones
Acid-Base
Increase plasma bicarbonate Decrease arterial PCO2
Increase type B cells in distal nephron Decrease plasma K+
Decrease urine pH
Respiratory
Increase Activity of peripheral chemoreceptors
Decrease Ventilation rate
Cardiovascular
Increase firing of baroreceptors
Decrease TPR
Renal
Decrease glucose renal threshold
Increase renal glucose reabsorption
No change GFR
Increase urine production
Increase plasma ANG II
Increase plasma angiotensinogen
Increase plasma ANP
Increase afferent arteriole diameter
Increase plasma aldosterone