Post your assignment W4: Assignment 2 Dropbox for grading by the instructor by T
ID: 48082 • Letter: P
Question
Post your assignment W4: Assignment 2 Dropbox for grading by the instructor byTuesday, June 16, 2015. The minimum length for this assignment is 1,200 words. Be sure to check your report for your post and to make corrections before the deadline of 11:59 pm Mountain Time of the due date to avoid lack of originality problems in your work.
Our understanding of genetic inheritance and the function of DNA in producing the characteristics of the individual have been developing for more than 150 years. Consider our current state of knowledge. Link genetic characteristics to DNA structure. Explain how DNA through the process of protein synthesis is responsible for the ultimate expression of the characteristics in the organism. Describe how interference in protein synthesis can result in disruption of cellular and bodily processes? How does the significance of one class of proteins, the enzymes, relate to the importance of proper nutrition throughout life?
Explanation / Answer
The Deoxyribonucleic acid encodes specific characteristics of an organism. Each trait/characteristic is encoded in a specific region of DNA called gene. The gene for a specific trait undergoes a process called transcription. its a process in which the language of the body's make-up is transcribed from one language of cell to another which will be recognized by body in order to carry out the next process. The next process involves the translation of the information from RNA to the actual product, which is the called the protein. defined proteins play specific roles so the body synthesizes the defined protein for the defined job at the defined period of time.
For example, the in the parts of the world, where the sun is usually very high, the individuals usually exposed to the rays of the sun tend to become darker in complexion, because of synthesis of the protein called melanin (protein which protects an individual from the harmful ultraviolet radiation). A lesser exposure to the sun leads to a light complexion, due to which decreased production of the melanin in the body. The genetical view is simple. The gene encoding the formation of melanin is transcribed into the gene language which is required for the next stage which is RNA. The Ribonucleic acid is then transcribed into melanin protein for skin protection . in this way DNA through the process of protein synthesis is responsible expression of the characteristics.
Protein synthesis is a multistep process . amino acids which are free is selected with high specificity by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and charged to tRNA. The aminoacyl-tRNAs are essential components in the elongation and initiation steps of protein synthesis which take place on the ribosome. In E.coli these processes are integrated through the strict response . When uncharged tRNA occupies the ribosomal A site, the alarmones pppGpp and ppGpp accumulate due to the action of the relA gene product, been the stringent factor. These alarmones encourage transcription of amino acid biosynthetic genes and discourages the initiation at the strong promoters which drive formation of the translational apparatus
The main source of protein is what we eat. We eat proteins from plants and animals. Our bodies can synthesize some of the amino acids, but many of them obtained from the diet.
as we eat protein from animal or plant foods, we must break it down into its simpler amino acid components. which is called protein digestion. This is like taking apart a sorting and building out all the bricks to be used to build a new house.
After that our bodies reassemble the amino acids into our body proteins. which is called protein synthesis.