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Classify each of the given structures as being an ester, acyl chloride, acid anh

ID: 529215 • Letter: C

Question

Classify each of the given structures as being an ester, acyl chloride, acid anhydride or amide. How many reactions between aldehydes and nucleophiles fundamentally different than reactions between acyl chlorides and nucleophiles? (a) Aldehydes do not form tetrahedral intermediates with nucleophiles. (b) Acyl chlorides readily form enol tautomers. (c) Aldehydes are readily oxidized by nucleophiles to carboxylic acids. (d) Acyl chlorides have a leaving group, Cl^-, whereas aldehydes do not. Rank the following carboxylic acid derivatives in decreasing order of reactivity (most reactive rightarrow least reactive): (a) amide (b) ester (c) acyl chloride (d) acid anhydride What are the products?

Explanation / Answer

Q4

ester group = Must have C=O and C-O-R group (same carbon)

from the list, D is an ester

acyl chloride --ª must have a chloride, from the list, only C

acid anhydride, must have the C=O, C-O-C, C=O structure, from the list, only A has that

finally

Amide group is similar to an amine, but adding a C=O group next to the nitrogen

from the list, choose B