CHALLENGE PROBLEMS CHAPTER Use with Chapter Quantum Numbers Section 5 e state of
ID: 534304 • Letter: C
Question
CHALLENGE PROBLEMS CHAPTER Use with Chapter Quantum Numbers Section 5 e state of an electron in an atom can be completely described by four quantum the designated as n, e, me, and The first, or principal, number, n, indicates m electron's approximate distance from the nucleus. The second quantum number, t, describes the shape of the electron's orbit around the nucleus. The third quantum number, me, describes the orientation of the electron's orbit compared to the plane of the atom. The fourth quantum number, m., tells the direction of the electron s spin (clockwise or counterclockwise). The Schrodinger wave equation imposes certain mathematical restrictions on the quantum numbers. They are as follows: n can be any integer (whole number). e can be any integer from 0 to n 1, me can be any integer from -to +t, and m, can be +3 or As an example, consider electrons in the first energy level of an atom, that is, n 1. In 1). In other words, this case, e can have any inte value from 0 in e must be 0 for these electro Also, the only value that me can have is 0. The electrons this energy level can have values of +t or for m, These restrictions agree with the observation that the first energy level can have only two electrons. Their quantum n are 1, 0, 0, t and 1,0, 0 Use the rules given above to complete the table listing the quantum numbers for each in a boron atom. The conrect quantum numbers for one in the atom is provided as an example. Boron (B) Electron meExplanation / Answer
Boron (B) - five electrons
As we go on to the l = 1 values, keep in mind that we will start with the lowest value of m, namely negative one.
There are four quantum numbers: n, l, m, and s. The value of each quantum number is assigned to each electron in an atom by a "building up" process called "Aufbau" principle.
n is ALWAYS the starting point for building up a series of quantum numbers. Each quantum number is then assigned according to a set of rules. Remember the rules:
(1) n = 1, 2, 3, and so on.
(2) l = 0, 1, 2, . . . , n-1
(3) m starts at negative l, runs by whole numbers to zero and then goes to positive l.
(4) after the n, l and m to be used have been determined, assign the value +1/2 to one electron, then assign -1/2 to the next electron, while using the same n, and m values.
Also, keep in mind that we use only one n, , m, and s value each to make a set of four quantum numbers for each electron and the set that uniquely identifies each electron.
Even there are three orbital. 2px is just the first, x meaning the x-axis. Next will be 2py, for the y-axis and the last name used will be 2pz, for the z-axis. These three orbitals are oriented at 90° to each other.
Atomic Number Element n l m s Orbital Name 5 Boron 1 0 0 + 1/2 1s 1 0 0 - 1/2 1s 2 0 0 + 1/2 2s 2 0 0 - 1/2 2s 2 1 - 1 + 1/2 2px