I just need an introductory statement Explaining: Procedure: Purpose: Theory: La
ID: 538223 • Letter: I
Question
I just need an introductory statement Explaining: Procedure: Purpose: Theory: Lab Atomic Spectroscopy Students wou work of two or thrtgenerate groups of two or three, possible, bring a laptop computer to lab in order to generate the cabrationcurve OBJECTIVES To learn to use s spectroxope to study the tines in the emission spectra of ators understan To calibrate the spectroscope in order to convert scale readings into wavelenges; ta the calibration process To examine the soectral lines of hydrogen in the vistie hydrogen electronic transitions region and corelate these lines to To study the emission spectra of metais present in salts. Spectroscopy The interaction of light with matter produces many interesting phenomena that are easily observed on a dally basis. For example, the color of the sky is due to sunlight being scattered by moleculies tn the air; the shorter wavelength blue light is scattered more than longer wavelength red ight thus causing the sky to appear blue. Similarly, a rainbow after a storm is the result of light passing through prism- like raindrops, which break the light into its component colors. A dilute solution of powdered ml which contains protein macromolecules that can scatter light) appears opalescent blue In this experiment, you will study the interaction between light and atoms. For most atoms at room temperature, the electrons occupy the lowest allowed energy level, known as the ground state. Whe atoms are energized by an electric discage, by ame, or by light, clectrons are excited from the lower tevel to higher energy levels known as excited states. These excited atoms can emit photons of a particular wavelength and drop down to lower energy levels. If the emitted light ts passed through a narrow slit and then through a prism or diffraction grating, an emission spectrum is abserved According tquantum theory, the energy content ofanatom isqotized; that is, the energy can have only certain discrete values. The allowed energy levels are characteristic of each particular kind of atom. Through the technique of emission spectroscopy. the allowed energy levels can be probed. Quantum theory describes light as being composed of tiny bundles of energy called photons. Different colors of light are produced by photons of ailerent wavelengths. The energy of a photon E is rejated toits wavelength by the equation: Equation 1 where h is Plancks constant, 6.626 x 10 J-s and c is the speed of light in a vacuum, 300 x 10m/s From the law of conservstion of energy, we deduce that the energy of a photon emitted from an atom must equal the spacing between two allowed energy levets of the atom. Thus, observation of the pectrum of an atom provides direct information about the spacing between the allowted nergy leves n the atom. Lab 9- Page 1 of 14
Explanation / Answer
Basically, atomic spectroscopy is an advanced technique for determining unknown elements in a sample.
Every element is made up of atoms, and each atom consists of a nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. When these atoms are given a chance to absorb energy by throwing energetic ( electromagnetic ) radiations at them, they do so by letting the electrons to absorb this energy after which they jump up to higher energy orbitals. Later they retuen back to their original orbit by emitting the absorbed energy in form of radiation of a particular wavelength.
The wavelength of the radiation is unique for all elements, and this spectrum of emitted radiations thus becomes a fingerprint for the element, which can be used to detect its presence in an unknown sample.
The main theory behind this is the fact that energy is quantized, by which we mean that energy comes in form of packets called photons, and an atom can absorb only an integral number of photons.
Atomic spectroscopy deals at the atomic level, which means it first breaks the molecules into individual atoms, after which they are subjected to external radiations. A portion of this radiation gets absorbed depending on the specific element present in the mixture, and the remaining portion is called as the absorption spectrum, which can also be used in the identification of uknowns in the same way as emission spectra.
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