I really need help with this question and I would really appreciate it if someon
ID: 546036 • Letter: I
Question
I really need help with this question and I would really appreciate it if someone can please help me with this. Please show work!!! Please help me with all of the parts of the question.
3. Consider the following mechanism of the hydrolysis of an acid chloride O: OHH30 a. (2 pts) Label , II, I, and IV as reactants, products, or intermediates. b. (3 pts) Circle what the enthalpy change be from I to II would be. Remember to think about the relative stability of these species. c. (3 pts) Circle what the entropy change be from I to Il would be AS>0 ASExplanation / Answer
a) I is the reactant while IV is the product. II and III are intermediates, since they are formed only in course of the reaction and do not have any existence outside of the reaction system (ans).
b) II is formed by the attack of a water (H2O) molecule on the acid chloride. As such, II is a charged reactive species and is less stable than I (this must be true; if II were more stable than I, then II would easily form from I and would have been an easily isolated stable product. But clearly, that is not the case). Consequently, II will have a higher energy than I. Since energy must be supplied to form II from I, hence, the enthalpy change, H > 0 (ans).
c) II is formed from I when a water molecule collides with I. Consequently, this attack mandates that the randomness of the system increases. Moreover, II has more atoms than I and all these atoms are capable of random motions. Therefore, II is more disordered or random state (hence more reactive). The entropy of a system is a measure of the randomness of the system. Consequently, S > 0 (ans).
d) We note, from parts (b) and (c) above that both H and S > 0. Use the equation
G = H – T*S
We know that a reaction is spontaneous only when G < 0. Since both H and S are positive, G can be negative only when T is significantly high. Hence, it is important to know the temperature of the reaction to predict the spontaneity of the reaction. The third option fits the description therefore.