Plese explain the following terms; Chapter 1: How Can Microbes Be Classified; Wh
ID: 66468 • Letter: P
Question
Plese explain the following terms;
Chapter 1: How Can Microbes Be Classified; What Role Do Microorganisms Play in the Environment; The Golden Age of Microbiology Chapter 3: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes; External Structures of Bacterial Cells; Bacterial Cell Walls; Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes; Cytoplasm of Bacteria; Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Chapter 4: Microscopy; Staining; Classification and Identification of Microorganisms Chapter 5: The Role of Enzymes in Metabolism; Lipid Catabolism; Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism; Fermentation; Other Anabolic Pathways; Alternatives to Glycolysis; Glycolysis Chapter 7: The Structure of Prokaryotic Genomes; Plasmids; The Structure and Replication of Genomes; DNA Replication; The Transfer of Genetic Information; Translation; Regulation of Genetic Expression; Types of Mutations; Identifying Mutants, Mutagens, and Carcinogens; Transposons and Transposition; Genetic Recombination and Transfer Chapter 8: Restriction Enzymes; Vectors; Separating DNA Molecules: Gel Electrophoresis and the Southern Blot; Microarrays; Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications Chapter 9: Chemical Methods of Microbial Control; Physical Methods of Microbial Control Chapter 10: Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action; Mechanisms of Resistance; Safety and Side Effects
Explanation / Answer
1.Classification of Microbes: Bacteria, Virus, Archae, Algae, Fungi and Protozoa 2. Role of Microorganisms in the Environment: Microbes act as decompoers, bioremiation of useful products3.The Golden Age of Microbiology : The rapid advancement of microbiology from 1857 to 1914.1857& 1861:Pasteir fermentation & disproved spontaneous generation. 1864: Pasteurisation. 1867: Lister-Aseptic surgery, 1876: Koch- germ theory of disease,1879:Neissir-Nesseria gonorrhoeae,1881: Koch-pure culture, Finley- Yellow fever, 1882: Koch- M.tuberculosis, Hess- Agar medium, 1883:Koch- V.cholerae, 1884: Metchinkoff- Phagocytosis, CbristianGram- gram staining procedure, Escherich- E.coli,1887:Petri-Petri dish, 1889: Kitasato- C.tetani, 1890: Von Behring- Diptheria antitoxin, Ehrlich- Theory of immunity,1892: Winogradsky-Sulphur cycle,1898:Shiga- Shigella dysenteriae,1908: Ehrlich-Syphilis,1910:Chagas-Trypanosoma cruze,1911:Rous- Tumor causing virus.4.Bacterial cell wall: Bacterial cell wall is made up Peptidoglycan (murein), alternating units of polymer of NAM and NAG and short chain of amino acids , and tetrapeptide in alternating D, L forms attached to NAM. Based on peptidoglycan bacteria are of two types: Gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria.