Identify the hybrid and non-hybrid atomic orbitals (s, p, sp, sp2, sp3) formed b

Question

Identify the hybrid and non-hybrid atomic orbitals (s, p, sp, sp2, sp3) formed by the following. (a) the C(1) atom in 3-heptene, an alkene This carbon atom forms 4 equivalent sp3 orbitals. This carbon atom forms 3 equivalent sp2 orbitals and retains 1 p orbital. This carbon forms 2 equivalent sp orbitals and retains 2 p orbitals. This carbon does not hybridize and retains its s and all 3 p orbitals. (b) the C(2) atom in 2-heptene, an alkene This carbon atom forms 4 equivalent sp3 orbitals. This carbon atom forms 3 equivalent sp2 orbitals and retains 1 p orbital. This carbon forms 2 equivalent sp orbitals and retains 2 p orbitals. This carbon does not hybridize and retains its s and all 3 p orbitals. (c) the C(3) atom in 3-heptyne, an alkyne This carbon atom forms 4 equivalent sp3 orbitals. This carbon atom forms 3 equivalent sp2 orbitals and retains 1 p orbital. This carbon forms 2 equivalent sp orbitals and retains 2 p orbitals. This carbon does not hybridize and retains its s and all 3 p orbitals.

Explanation / Answer

a)

the first carbon is single bonded, therefore, C(1) hybridizes as SP3

b)

2nd carbon in 2-heptene --> this is double bonded

then

1 sigma bond + 1 pi bond, this is SP2 hybridization

c)

the 3rd carbon in 3-heptyne, this is triple bond so

1 sigma + 2 pi bonds = triple bond, this must be SP hjybridization

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