Microbiology question: In a study on the relationship between oral contraceptive

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Microbiology question: In a study on the relationship between oral contraceptives (OCs) and urinary tract infections, 500 women who use CO and 3000 women who do not use OCs were were monitored over a period of the three years.

Table1.

1. What is the cumulative incidence fr the 3 year period among the women who use OCs?

2. What is the cumulative incidence for the 3 year period among women who do not use OCs?

3. What is the prevalence of urinary tract infection in the first year?

4. What is the incidence rate for the 3 year period among the women who use OCs?

5. What is the relative risk linked to the use of OCs and urinary tract infections?

6. What is the odds ratio as it relates to urinary tract infections?

7. What percentage of urinary tract infections could have been avoided?

8. How many cases of urinary tract infections associated with the use of OCs are expected per year in a population of 10 000 people of which 55% are women of which 20% use OCs?

Explanation / Answer

1. Cumulative incidence = number of new cases reported during the time period/ number people at risk at the start of time period

The cumulative incidence for the 3-year period among the women who use OCs = 15+30+20/ 500 = 0.13

2).  The cumulative incidence for the 3-year period among women who do not use OCs = 35+70+33/3000 = 0.046

3). Prevalence rate = Number of cases at a particular time period/ total number of people in the population

= 15+35/ 500+3000 = 0.014

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