Pls solve this quickly pls In a species of tropical frog, males call to attract
ID: 74444 • Letter: P
Question
Pls solve this quickly pls In a species of tropical frog, males call to attract females for mating. Calls vary in loudness and in frequency. Experiments demonstrate that female frogs prefer louder, more frequent calls. The range of this species includes areas with frog-eating bats. Experimental data indicate that the bats can use the mating calls to locate prey and that louder, more frequent calls increase the chances of predation for a male frog. What do you predict you would find if you compared the calls of male frogs that come from an area with predatory bats with frogs from an area with no bat predators, in terms of the relative loudness and frequency of their calls? Would the frogs in the two areas have the same loudness and frequency of calls, or would frogs in one of the two areas (with or without bat predators) have a different loudness (softer or louder) and frequency (more or less frequent) of calls? If you say "different", please indicate which population you think would have which type of calls (softer/louder. more/less frequent). Write formal null and alternate hypotheses to test whether or not male frog call loudness and frequency is affected by the presence or absence of bat predators. Design an experiment to test the effect of bat predators on the loudness and frequency of male frog mating calls. Make sure to explain all the necessary components for a well-designed experiment, as we have discussed in class this semester. Draw two graphs (or one graph, if you prefer) to show what you think the data would look like if they support your null (H_0) and alternate (H_a) hypotheses Then explain why you drew the graph(s) the way you did for H_0 and H_a.Explanation / Answer
From the given data,
The male frogs that can make loud and more frequent mating calls to attract females, however they more change to be caught by predators. Therefore, loud and frequent calls increase the death rate of male frogs by a predator called frog eating bats.
a)
Usually, the mating call used for localization, species recognition and assessment of mate by frog population and it is works on the principle “neural basis of animal behavior.” Since, it is a neural basis of animal behavior, frogs act in an intellectual manner, so if we compare the sound frequency of frogs in predatory zone with normal zone the prediction is as follows:
The frogs (both male and females) that are at predator zone make sounds with low frequency, due to threat from bats, whereas as frogs in non-predator zone make mating sounds with high frequency (slightly more) than other zone frogs, because they do not have threat. However, if non-predator zone frogs make louder mating calls, they might attract bats from other zone. Therefore, the frogs with bats make softer and low frequent calls and other frogs make louder and more frequent called.
b)
The null hypothesis, usually states that skills is independent of location, which represent with and equal (=) sign. So, both predator and non-predator zone frogs make mating calls with more loudness and frequency. The alternative hypothesis, states that the skills is non independent (dependent) of location. So, the above stated prediction is an alternative hypothesis.