Please follow all directions. OR 59% 5:18 PM oo Metro Messages Name (Last, First
ID: 92318 • Letter: P
Question
Please follow all directions. OR 59% 5:18 PM oo Metro Messages Name (Last, First) PID Date Essays Guidelines -For this project you will research the topic that Dr. assigned to you in class. "Viral infection, viral DNA, replication, and the release of the new viruses" nah Vhtm -You will produce a 3-pages document with the information you have collected. Characteristics: -Use Arial 11 or Times 12 -Margins: 1", l", l", l" -Project's description (2 pages) -Bibliography/References from 2010. Older references wont be accepted (1 page) 3 to 5 references (MLA In-Text Citations) Questions to be answered by Essay HI Project List at least 8 steps of viral infection and replication Explain what occurs at each step What would it be the most critical step in your opinion List all references that you've used.Explanation / Answer
Although question requires a three page document but, the answer to 8 steps of viral infection and replication are
1.attachment(adsorption)
2.penetration
3.uncoating
4.targeting
5.gene expression(transcription/translation)
6.genome replication
7.virion assembling
8.release of new infectious virus(lysis/budding)
NOW WHAT OCCURS AT EACH STEP.
1. ATTACHMENT- specific proteins on the surface of the viruses bind to specific receptors of animal cells surface.
2.PENETRATION- once bound now nucleic acid of virus should enter the cell
3. UNCOATING- in some viruses when genome completely release from capsid during penetration.
4. TARGETING- all DNA viruses replicate in nucleus of infected cells, they must be targeted there.
5. GENE EXPRESSION &6. GENOME REPLICATION- OCCURS DIFFERENTLY IN DIFFERENT DNA types
like for dna viruses it first go transcription by cell Rna polymerase II AND transcriptional factors.then replication of viral genome , then late gene expression.
7.MATURATION - it is the growing and multiplying of infectious cells
8. RELEASE OF VIRUS INFECTIOUS- lysis means to break down of cell membrane and release. second is Budding is virus bud through cell membrane without killing the cell.
WHAT WOULD BE MOST CRITICAL STEP IN MY OPINION
its the 5th and 6th stage , the most important for various Rna and Dna containing viruses.