Part 1 - Cells Specimen Number Organism Eukaryote or Prokaryote Where Organism i
ID: 9439 • Letter: P
Question
Part 1 - Cells
Specimen Number Organism Eukaryote or Prokaryote Where Organism is Found How Organism Obtains Nutrients
Spirogyra
Diatom
Paramecium
Lactobacillus
Euglena
Trypanosoma
Volvox
Radiolaria
Amoeba
Plant cells with nucleus (chloroplasts absent)
List two similarities between plant cells and animal cells
1.
2.
List two differences between plant and animal cells
1.
2.
Part 2 – Diffusion and Osmosis
Diffusion
Boiling water…
Cold water….
Osmosis
Label your 4 plastic cups A, B, C & D
Cut 4 small pieces of paper and using a pencil label them A, B, C & D. These labels will go inside your dialysis tubing.
Prepare your dialysis tubing as follows:
• Soak your dialysis tubing in distilled water until it is flexible
• Take a piece of dialysis tubing and tie a tight knot in one end
• Open the other end of the tubing by rolling it between your thumb and finger
• Fill bag A with 10mL of 1% sucrose solution. Insert label A and squeeze out any air bubbles then tie a tight knot in the end of the tubing to seal it
• Check for leaks, blot dry and set aside
• Fill bag B with 10mL of 1% sucrose solution and complete procedure as before
• Fill bag C with 10mL 25% sucrose solution and complete procedure as before
• Fill bag D with 10mL 50% sucrose solution and complete procedure as before
Make a visual assessment of each bag at time zero, i.e. before placing it into the solution in the cup, and take notes.
Prepare the experimental setup as follows
• Fill cup A with 50% sucrose solution
• Fill cups B, C & D with 1% sucrose solution
• Add bag A to cup A; bag B to cup B and so on
Leave your experiment undisturbed for 60 minutes. Now carefully remove each bag from the cup with its respective solution and blot dry. Measure the volume of liquid inside each bag using your graduated cylinder and record your data in the table below. Be sure to blot dry your graduated cylinder between measurements.
[2 pts]
Beginning volume (milliliters) End Volume (milliliters) Difference (milliliters)
Bag A 10
Bag B 10
Bag C 10
Bag D 10
1. Did water move into or out of all of the bags?
2. Which bags demonstrated osmosis? Draw a diagram to show water movement in each of the bags.
3. Which bags showed the most rapid movement of water across the membrane? Explain your answer
4. Apply the information you have learned and briefly discuss why it is important for animal cells and plant cells to have the ability to balance water intake with water loss.
Part 3 – Cell Membranes
For all 6 treatments
Arrange your tubes in ascending intensity of red color. Determine a scale for yourself on a scale of 0 (no color) to 10 (darkest red color) and quantify the colors observed in your tubes. Record your results in the space below.
Tube Number Treatment Color Intensity (scale 0-10)
1 70oC
2 55oC
3 40oC
4 20oC
5 4oC (refrigerator)
6 -5oC (freezer)
1. Which treatment caused most membrane damage as reflected by color intensity?
2. Which treatment caused least membrane damage as reflected by color intensity? [2 pts]
3. In what way does extreme heat damage the membrane allowing the contents to leak out of cells?
4. How does extreme cold damage the membrane allowing the contents to leak out of cells?
5. Apply this knowledge to a situation that may arise in your daily life or in nature and briefly explain your reasoning in the space below.
Explanation / Answer
Part-1 Spirogyra - eukaryote - fresh waters - photosynthesis, and obtain nutrients from surroundingsDiatom - eukaryote - water bodies - nutrients through depletion og food
Paramecium - eukaryote - fresh waters - feeds on bacteria and other cells
Lactobacillus - prokaryote - human vagina and gastrointestinal tract - feeds on lactose
Euglena - eukaryote - fresh amd salt water - photosynthesis
Trypanosoma - eukaryote - human intestine - blood feeders
Volvox - eukaryote - fresh water- photosynthesis
Radiolaria - eukaryote - ocean bottoms - decompose food
Amoeba - eukaryote - water bodies - food from surroundings
Plant cells with nucleus (chloroplasts absent) - eukaryote - terrestrial - obtain nutrients from water other fertilizers.' 1. similarities between plant and animal cells - both have nucleus - all major organelles are seen 2. differences between plant and animal cells - chloroplast present only in plant cell - cellulose seen only in plant cells. During bioling of water, mlecules diffuse outwards, and in cold water they come closer. Osmosis is a process that occurs through semi permeable membrane Beginning volume (milliliters) End Volume (milliliters) Difference (milliliters)
Bag A 10 0 10
Bag B 10 10 0
Bag C 10 increase 10 + added volume
Bag D 10 increase 10 + added volume
1. Did water move into or out of all of the bags? - No. In bag A water moved out, bag B it remained same, in bag C and D water entered into. 2. Which bags demonstrated osmosis - All the bags except B, shown osmosis. 3. Which bags showed the most rapid movement of water across the membrane? Explain. - Bags A. C. and D shows rapid movement in and out, as there is wide difference in the concentrations. 4. Plant and animal cells should able to balance thw water levels according to the surroundings, inorder to save from bursting and plasmolysis. Part 3 – Cell Membranes
1. Which treatment caused most membrane damage as reflected by color intensity?
- at 70C and -50 C 2. Which treatment caused least membrane damage as reflected by color intensity? - 40C 3. 3. In what way does extreme heat damage the membrane allowing the contents to leak out of cells? - extreme temperatures will effect the membrane gaps, which will widen due to high temperature. And the temperature sensitive proteins will degrade leaving gaps, that leak solutions out. 4. How does extreme cold damage the membrane allowing the contents to leak out of cells?
- extreme cold temperatures will effect the membrane gaps, which will shrink due to low temperatures. And the temperature sensitive proteins will degrade leaving gaps, that leak solutions out. 5. When temperatures are more sweating increases drastically, by opening of gland pores.
- extreme cold temperatures will effect the membrane gaps, which will shrink due to low temperatures. And the temperature sensitive proteins will degrade leaving gaps, that leak solutions out. 5. When temperatures are more sweating increases drastically, by opening of gland pores.