Metabolism is often regulated by: a. Allosteric effectors, covalent modification
ID: 94880 • Letter: M
Question
Metabolism is often regulated by:
a. Allosteric effectors, covalent modification, enzyme sequestration, protein association, enzyme synthesis, enzyme degradation, temperature change, and pH change. b. Allosteric effectors, covalent modification, enzyme sequestration, protein association, enzyme synthesis, enzyme degradation, and pH change. c. Allosteric effectors, covalent modification, enzyme sequestration, protein association, enzyme synthesis, and enzyme degradation. d. Allosteric effectors, covalent modification, protein association, enzyme synthesis, enzyme degradation, temperature change, and pH change. e. Allosteric effectors, covalent modification, enzyme synthesis, enzyme degradation, and temperature change.Explanation / Answer
Option a is the perfect answer. Since metabolism involves a large no. of enzymes and enzyme activity is regulated by all these factors mentioned under option a. Hence metabolism is regulated by:
Allosteric effectors: Enzyme activity can be activated or inhibited through non-covalent interaction of the enzyme with small molecules called effectors, modulators, or allosteric regulators (AE). Effectors bind to the enzyme at a site other than the active site
Covalent modification: Covalent addition of a group to an enzyme changes the activity of the enzyme. Hence regulate the metabolic process.
Enzyme sequestration: is one means of reversibly inhibiting enzymes which depend on divalent metal cations (such as magnesium) for their activity.
Protein association: Proteins interact with each other often for regulation purposes and for localization of several enzymatic reactions for increased efficiency. For example, some proteins inhibit their binding partners. Or DNA replication complex is made of bunch of proteins, many of which do different jobs, but they are in physical complex (e.g. helicase with DNA polymerase).
Enzyme synthesis and degradation: Metabolism is greatly affected by the amount of enzymes, which is maintained by synthesis and degradation of the enzymes.
Temperature and pH change: As we know the optimal temperature for enzyme activity is 35 degree celsius. Hence the fluctuation affects the activity of enzyme which ultimately affect the metabolism. Intracellular pH also play a mojor role in regulation of metabolism because the activity of enzymes involved in metabolism have different activity at different pH.