The Chemistry of Pneumonia s previous | 12 of 12 | return to assignme chest, and
ID: 97702 • Letter: T
Question
The Chemistry of Pneumonia s previous | 12 of 12 | return to assignme chest, and he was afraid that he was having a heart attack (more formally, a m also complaining of shortness of breath and coughing least a pack of cigarettes per day for the last 18 years. The patient notes that a spits, which he attributes to onset of chills, high tever, and pain on the left side of his more than usual. On further questioning, the staff discovers that the patient is a diabetic and also has smoked at he attributes to having recently changed cigarette brands and to trying more chewing tobacco. The physical exam shows that the man appears to be ill, is and shallow respirations (35/min). Listening to his breathing with a stethoscope reveals multiple crackles. A chest X-ray examination is infarction, or MI). As the ER staff attends to him, his wife c that he is long with a recent increase in his coughing, he is a "rusty-colored glob" when he mildly confused, and is in moderate respiratory distress. His vital sign readings show elevated te (165/92 mmHg), and increased and shallow respirations (35/mi ordered and shows infiltrates (fluid) in his left lung lobes. The ER s 8"C), rapid pulse staff concludes that the problem isn't the patient's heart, but rather his lungs! The patient is diagnosed and is sent for additional testing. A common testing panel for a diagnosis of pneumonia might include pulse oximetry (which measures oxygen exam, a complete blood count ( white blood cell measurements of specific markers of inflammation such as C-reactive pr causing the p Comparing values for these tests against standard normal values tells us a lot about the patient's condition. Understanding Ch ers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein counts, enzyme function tests, and, eventually, identification of the pathogon that is hapter 2 topics e related to chemical principles will give you insight into exactly what is going on regarding each of these tests and results. Part A This kind of Gram stains and culture of organisms are the mainstays of diagnostic tests, but they are often inconclusiv disease. As such, more rapid testing is needed to make efficient decisions on the etiology of the infection. For this reason, many hospital labs are turning to serology, the use of specific antibody binding, to hasten diagnosis. The e within the time frame necessary to manage the patient's immune system produces molecules known as antibodies during an infection. The antibodies ar interactions. Serology testing involves mixing a patient sample with antibodies and observing a binding event based on float through the body and are attracted to the foreign molecule, known as an antigen. Each antibody interacts with a single specific antigen, so the bonding of an antibody to an antigen is based in molecula chemical bonding principles. Based on the information given, which of the following would you interpret to be the best description of this interaction? O valence capacity hydrogen bonding 10Explanation / Answer
Ans. An antibody specifically binds to an antigen through non-covalent interactions including H-bond, ionic interactions between ionized groups on Ag and Ab, hydrophobic interactions, van de Waal’s interactions, etc.
Covalent bonding (option C) and ionic bonding (option D) are NOT used while Ab interacts with specified Ag. So, options C and D are incorrect. [Note that ionic bond is NOT the same as ionic interactions].
H-bonding (option B) is just one of the several non-covalent interactions that mediates Ag-Ab binding. So, H-bonding alone is insufficient for Ag-Ab interactions. Therefore, option B is also incorrect.
Valence capacity refers to the number of antigens that an antibody can bind. Generally, a monomeric Ab has the capacity to binds two antigens, one at each antigen-binding site. The term valence capacity spontaneously includes the all the non-covalent interactions mediating Ag binding to Ab. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate option that completely describes the Ab-Ag interaction.
So, correct option is- A. Valence capacity.