Please choose the best possible answer in the following multiple-choice question
ID: 97857 • Letter: P
Question
Please choose the best possible answer in the following multiple-choice questions 1. A trait that enhances an individual's fitness is called: a. A. a degree of fitness b. A negative effect C. An adaptive trait d. A neutral effect 2. Which individuals are most likely to survive in a given environment? a. Ones with negative traits b. Ones with adaptive traits c. Ones with neutral traits d. Everyone has an equal chance 3. If a population undergoes natural selection, it can lead to The evolution of species The extinction of the species A rapid mutation of the species The extinction of the species a. b. c. d. 4. Finches having either a large bill or a small bill but no sizes in between represent: a. stabilizing selection b. disruptive selection c. frequent selection d. directional selectionExplanation / Answer
1. c) adaptive trait
Adaptive trait (capability of adapting to different environments) is a heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment relative to individuals that lack that trait.
2. b) one with adaptive traits
Nature provides equal opportunity to all individuals to survive but individuals who can adapt themselves according to the changes in the environment are more likely to survive than others. Adaptive traits raise their chance of survival & reproducing in their environment
3. a) the evolution of species.
Natural selection is one of the basic and important mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift.
4. b. disruptive selection
The natural selection directly influences the phenotype and results in the differential reproduction of the individuals with different phenotypes. Natural selection is of three types: stabilizing selection, directional selection, and disruptive selection.
In stabilizing selection, the selection pressure increases or select the average value of a character i.e, not the extremes or variants, in the population by favoring the average individuals. Example: mortality in human babies at birth.
In directional selection, the extreme traits are selected and the growth shifts towards the one direction. Example: industrial melanism, DDT resistance
In disruptive selection, the multiple extremities of a character are selected. It accumulates variations in the population.
5. a) genetic drift
In a small population, the gene frequency exhibits random or non-directional fluctuations generation after generation purely by chance irrespective of any advantage of disadvantage. This phenomenon is known as genetic drift. It is occurred due to sampling error or uncertainty in population. Uncertainty leads to the random changes in the allelic frequency.