Streptococcus Pyogenes Bhemolysis 1. Main biological features a. Cell shape, arr
ID: 147351 • Letter: S
Question
Streptococcus Pyogenes Bhemolysis
1. Main biological features
a. Cell shape, arrangement, Gram stain, endospores, capsule, unusual features.
2. Clinical Manifestations
a. List the diseases that are produced by this microorganism.
3. Mechanism of Disease
a. List of how the microorganism induces disease: Toxin, proteolysis, pyogenic, immunological mechanism or multiple mechanisms.
4. Transmission
a. How the microorganism is transmitted and who is at risk of acquiring the infection.
5. Prevention
a. List the most common prevention methods
b. Is there a vaccine?
6. Treatment
a. Is antimicrobial intervention necessary?
b. Have resistant strains been detected?
c. List the common methods of treatment (you don’t need to list drug names).
d. Prognosis – Mortality associated with the disease
Explanation / Answer
1. Streptococcus Pyogenes is a gram positive, non motile, non sporulating Cocci arranged in pairs or chain. They have hyaluronic acid capsule.
2. Streptococcus Pyogenes are known to cause both non-invasive and invasive diseases associated with blood, respiratory tract and skin.
Some of the examples include,
c. Mechanism of diseases:
For adherance Streptococcus Pyogenes bear virulence factors like fimbrial proteins, M proteins as well as lipoteichoic acid. Streptococcus Pyogenes has a hyaluronic acid capsule that mimics human tissues. Hyaluronic acid capsule along with M protein, Streptococcus Pyogenes is able to evade phagocytosis. Once established inside the body, it releases exotoxins like streptokinase, streptodornase hyaluronidase and streptolysins which promote the infection spread.
d. Transmission: spreads from person to person by direct contact of mucus from infected person to healthy person. it can also spread by skin to skin contact of infected wound. Its a bacterium that are commonly found on the skin or respiratory trat however they cause disease if the immune system is compromised.
e. Antibiotic treatment is provided to prevent the disease, for example penicillin is used for respiratory tract infections. Macrolides are used if there are allergies.
Unfortunately there are no vaccine against these disease because of number of serotypes of Streptococcus Pyogenes.