Initials: Questions 26-30: Organisms evolved as open systems that: 26. increase

Question

Initials: Questions 26-30: Organisms evolved as open systems that: 26. increase entropy in their surroundings. 27. exploit spontaneous reactions. 28. rely on complex molecules capable of self-assembly. 29. use high quality energy for metabolic processes. 30. use transport proteins to control their internal environment. Questions 31-35: Simple phospholipid bilayers are highly permeable to: 31. Na. 32. Cl 33. 02. 34. amino acids. 35, simple sugars. Questions 36-40; Information used to construct cladistics-based phylogenies includes: 36. paralogs 37. orthologs. 38. primitive similarities. 39. derived similarities. 40. convergent similarities. Questions 41-45: Reproduction in the earliest lifeforms: 41. was due to critical size scaling. 42. was primarily sexual. 43. required the evolution of DNA replication. 44. was based on the splitting of clay particles 45. was caused by physical disturbance. Questions 46-50; In the absence of oxygen: 46. cellular respiration no longer occurs. 47. no ATP are produced. 48. the Krebs cycle stops. 49. the chemiosmotic electron transport chain stops. 50. NADH is recycled by fermentation Questions 51-55: In metabolism: 51. anabolic reactions make ATP. 52. catabolic reactions produce heat. 53. anabolic reactions produce heat. 54. anabolic reactions build large molecules. 55. catabolic reactions break down large molecules

Explanation / Answer

29) organisms evolved as an open system meaning that they can use external energy or matter since they can use high quality energy for metabolic process. 33) oxygen and carbo dioxide can easily diffuse through membrane. 38) derived similarity are used to draw cladistic phylogenetic trees. 43) evolution in replication machineries led to reproduction in earliest life forms.

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