Cadriovascular questions # 1Release of acetylcholine by the vagus parasympatheti
ID: 167623 • Letter: C
Question
Cadriovascular questions
# 1Release of acetylcholine by the vagus parasympathetic nerve to the heart causes a local decrease in norepinephrine released by the sympathetic nerve. How does this happen?
A. depletion of neurotransmitter
B. chemoreceptor reflex
C. presynaptic inhibition
D. depolarization
E. respiratory dysrhythmia
#2 The width of the pressure-volume loop for the right heart is:
A. Greater than the left
B. Smaller than the left
C. The same as the left
#3 When you lie down, there is an increase in venous return. This causes an increase in the ring of the barorectors. What happens next?
A. HR increase, Contractility decrease
B. HR increase, Contractility increase
C. HR decrease, Contractility increase
D. HR decrease, Contractility decrease
#4 Which lipoprotein particle is produced by the liver as the first step in producing serum cholesterol?
A. HDL
B. LDL
C. IDL
D. VLDL
E. triglyceride
#5 If the right heart falls first, there is accusation of fluid in the:
A. extremities
B. lung
C. brain
#6 What is the mechanism of action for statin drug
A. Lowering BP
B. lowering cholesterol levels
C. lowering HR
D. lowering urinary excretion
E. All of the above
#7 If the person measuring your BP is hard of hearing, how will the measurement of BP be affected?
A. No impact on the measurement
B. raises the systolic pressure number
C. raises diastolic pressure number
D. lowers the average pressure.
#8 The dicrotic notch is a dip noticed on the arterial pressure curve which indicates the timing of:
A. closure of the mitral valve
B. opening of the mitral vale
C. closure of the arctic valve
D. Opening of aortic valve
Explanation / Answer
1. The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems produce opposite effects in functioning of various organs. The sympathetic system aggravates the heart beat, the parasympathetic system slow down the heart rate. The acetycholine released by parasympathetic system inhibits the norepinephrine of sympathetic system by depleting the neurotransmitter by reducing cAMP levels that activate norepinephrine. option A is correct.
2. Heart function is determined by pressure - volume loop. The pressure-volume loop represents events in the left ventricle in one heart beat. It may also be applicable to the right ventricle. Therefore, width of P-V loop for right heart is similar to the left. Option C is correct.
3. When an individual changes position from standing to reclining, the heart rate is decreased increasing the contractility. Option C is correct.
4. The fats are transported through chylomicrons. The lipoproteins uptake cholesterol in the form low density lipoprotein (LDL) through receptor mediated endocytosis in liver. Option B is correct.