Study Guide for Chapter #2 (Part2) 1. What is the difference between a haploid c
ID: 203382 • Letter: S
Question
Study Guide for Chapter #2 (Part2) 1. What is the difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cel? 2. What are the structural components of a chromosome 3. What is the difference between karyokinesis and cytokinesis 4. What are salient features of Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, 5. 6. 7. Anaphase, telophase What are the difference between Mitosis and meiosis What are the differences between Meiosis 1 and Meiosis II division Fill in table with +ve or negative Sign(s): Chromosome Structure Chromosome movement Centrioles Spindle fibers Nucleolus Interphase Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase telophaseExplanation / Answer
1. Mainly the number of chromosomes sets found in the nucleus is different in haploid and diploid cells. Cells which have two sets of chromosomes are diploid cells while cells with only one set of chromosome are haploid cells. Their mode of production is also different. Haploid cells reproduce by the process of meiosis while diploid cells reproduce by the process of mitosis.
2. DNA, RNA and proteins are the components of a chromosome.
3. The main difference between karyokinesis and cytokinesis is that karyokinesis is the division of nucleus into two daughter nuclei while cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm to form two daughter cells. Karyokinesis is the first step of M phase of cell cycle while cytokinesis is the second step of M phase of cell cycle. Karyokinesis is the equal distribution of genetic material while cytokinesis is distribution of the organelles into two daughter cells.
4. Salient features of the following are -
A. Prophase - this is the first step of mitosis. There is a separation of duplicated genetic material. There is a condensation of chromosomes and the nuclear envelope is also not apparent.
B. Prometaphase - it is the second step of mitosis. There is a break down of nuclear membrane. Kinetochore microtubules invades the nuclear space and binds to the kinetochores.
C. Metaphase - this step occurs between prometaphase and anaphase. In this step chromosomes gets attached to the spindle fibres.
D. Anaphase - this is the fourth step of mitosis. In this step chromosomes move apart to the opposite poles of the spindle.
E. Telophase - it is the final step. Here the chromatids or the chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the cells. Also, the two nuclei are formed here.
5. Mitosis and meiosis are the two ways by which the cells divide and reproduce. Type of reproduction in mitosis is asexual while in meiosis is sexual. Mitosis occurs in all the organism while meiosis occurs in humans, plants, fungi and animals. Mitosis results in genetically identical cells while meiosis results in identically different cells. Crossing over does not occur in mitosis while in meiosis crossing over can occur. There is no pairing of homolog in mitosis while in meiosis there is pairing of homolog. 2 diploid cells are produced in mitosis while 4 haploid cells are produced in case of meiosis. Chromosome number remains the same in case of mitosis while it reduces to half in meiosis.
6. Meiosis 1 begins with one haploid parent cell and results in two haploid daughter cells. This results in reducing the number of chromosomes in each cell to half. Meiosis 2 begins with two haploid parent cells and results in four haploid daughter cells. This maintains the number of chromosomes in each cells.