Answer the following question in paragraph form. A) First, define the three diff
ID: 222492 • Letter: A
Question
Answer the following question in paragraph form. A) First, define the three different types of point mutations and explain the differences between them. B) Second, rank the likelihood of the three different types of point mutations having an effect on the phenotype and explain why. C) Discuss the effects of a nonsense mutation in a gene coding for a protein that is vital for the activity of ATP synthase in the mitochondria. First, what would the impact of this mutation (affecting ATP synthase) be on DNA structure, and on transcription and translation? D) Finally, what would the likely impact of this ATP synthase mutation be on cellular respiration and why?
Explanation / Answer
a) The most common mutations occur in three ways:
1) a base substitution, in which one base is substituted for another;
2 & 3) an insertion or deletion, in which a base is either incorrectly inserted or deleted from a codon.example
GAU GAC UCC GCU AGG, which codes for the amino acids aspartate, aspartate, serine, alanine, arginine.
If the A in the GAU were to be deleted, the code would become: GUG ACU CCG UAG G
In other words, every single codon would code for a new amino acid, resulting in completely different proteins coded for during translation. The physical results of such mutations are, understandably, usually catastrophic.
likelyhood of damage ...
2 &3 if occuring in coding sequence can possible lead to frame shift hence changes the protien amino acid composition to different one howwver 1 (substitution) can be synonymous or non-synonymous , if it changes the amino acid involved in codon it is non-synonymous and if it codes for a degenerate codon of same amino acid even after substitution it is called synonymous and has no effect or is silent mutation.
so likelyhood of damage is possibly like 1<2=3
According to chegg minimum protocol i am liable to answer first question only but i answered two as a courtesy ...
Hope it helps ... Regards