Please help with this question. I got the first two but the last one about the r
ID: 280803 • Letter: P
Question
Please help with this question. I got the first two but the last one about the relation to its function.What are the names of the macromolecules and individual components? For exapmple, the macromolecule DNA is made of nucleotides. How does the structure of each of the macromolecules relate to its function?
Please help with this question. I got the first two but the last one about the relation to its function.
What are the names of the macromolecules and individual components? For exapmple, the macromolecule DNA is made of nucleotides. How does the structure of each of the macromolecules relate to its function?
Please help with this question. I got the first two but the last one about the relation to its function.
Explanation / Answer
four biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids.
individual component of carbohydrates- monosaccharides
individual component of nucleic acid- nucleotide triphosphate
individual component of the proteins-amino acids
individual component of lipids- vary
the structure of carbohydrates, for example, the number of carbons in carbohydrates, the bonds, and their positions govern their function.
for example, glucose is the primary reactant for glycolysis. the first commitment step is catalyzed by hexokinase. hexokinase is able to catalyze only 6 carbon sugar. similarly, glucokinase can catalyze the reaction of only glucose.
relative positions of the atoms in a carbohydrate also relate to their function. for example, the molecular formula of both 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate are same. however, only 2-phosphoglycerate can be converted into phosphoenolpyruvate. this reaction is catalyzed by enolase enzyme. therefore, 2-phosphoglycerate can act as a substrate for enolase, while 3-phosphoglycerate cannot.
structure of enzymes:
the structure of the enzymes is dictated or governed by the amino acid composition and amino acid chain, i.e, its primary structure. primary structure of the protein governs the folding of the protein into secondary and tertiary structures. the folding into secondary and tertiary structures depends on the amino acids present. amino acids that were not close to each other in primary structure may come close to each other in secondary structure and tertiary structure. this folding results in the formation of a specific active site on the protein. the binding of substrate to the active site of the enzyme results in the reaction and formation of products.
the same active site may sometimes be bound by an inhibitor, which shares a similar structure to that of the substrate.
the folding may also result in one more site other than the active site. this site also has an affinity to molecules other than the substrate, which may enhance or reduce the enzyme activity.