Please use R if techniques needed. In the 2 times 2 contingency tables below, th
ID: 3183734 • Letter: P
Question
Please use R if techniques needed.
In the 2 times 2 contingency tables below, the data from a German study investigating the relationship between smoking status and invasive cervical cancer have been stratified by the number of sexual partners that a woman has had [6]. Estimate the odds of cervical cancer for smokers relative to nonsmokers for women who have had at most one sexual partner. Estimate the odds ratio for women who have had two or more sexual partners. Within each stratum, are the odds of being diagnosed with cervical cancer higher for women who smoke or for those who do not smoke? If possible, you would like to combine the information in these two strata to make a single overall statement about the relationship between smoking and cervical cancer. What might be the problem if you were to simply sum the entries in the two tables and calculate an odds ratio? Conduct a test of homogeneity. Based on the results of the test, do you think it is appropriate to use the Mantel-Hansel method to combine the information in these two tables? Compute the Mantel-Hansel estimate of the summary odds ratio. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the summary odds ratio. Does this confidence interval contain the value 1? What does this mean? At the 0.01 level of significance, test the null hypothesis that there is no association between smoking status and the presence of invasive cervical cancer. What do you conclude?Explanation / Answer
Odds of cervical cancer for smoker relatative to nonsmoker = P(Total number of smoker who had cervical cancer) / P(Total number of nonsmoker who had cervical cancer)
= (12/31) / (25/143)
= 2.214
Odds ratio for women who have had two or more sexual partner = (96*150) / (92*142)
= 14400 / 13064
= 1.1023
c) Within each stratum, the odds of being diagnosed with cervical cancer is higher for women who smoke as compared to women who doesnot smoke.
d) If we combine the information in these two strata to make a single overall statment about relation ship between smoking and cervical cancer by taking simply sum of the entries in the two tables we got infomation about total number of patients who have cancers relative to Smokers or Non smokers and total number of patients who does not have cancers relative to Smokers or Non smokers.
The relative odds ration = (108 * 268) / (163 *117)
= 1.5177
For remaning subpart from e to h please attach again same question with part e to h.