Identify the design of each experiment below as paired samples or independent sa
ID: 3359739 • Letter: I
Question
Identify the design of each experiment below as paired samples or independent samples. IF PAIRED, YOU MUST STATE WHICH TYPE OF PAIRED. Also, provide the df.
1. Ten students compared the legibility of headlines. In one condition the headlines were all in CAPITALS. In the other condition the first letters were capitalized. Each student judged on a scale of 1-10. Five judged the all capitals headline; five judged the first letter only capitalized.
2. On the basis of Critical Reading SAT scores, each male was matched with a female. Then the math SAT scores were found and the mean for the 18 males was compared to the mean of the 18 females.
3. To control for socioeconomic status, this study used only families with annual incomes in the $30-40,000 a year range. Thirty-six fathers of one-year-olds were compared. Half had participated in the Lamaze method a year earlier when their child was born and half had not. A non-verbal behavior score was taken during a 10-minute father-child session.
4. A comparison of 54 fathers to their 54 sons all of whom were union members, showed the older men had higher spatial ability scores
Explanation / Answer
Result:
Identify the design of each experiment below as paired samples or independent samples. IF PAIRED, YOU MUST STATE WHICH TYPE OF PAIRED. Also, provide the df.
1. Ten students compared the legibility of headlines. In one condition the headlines were all in CAPITALS. In the other condition the first letters were capitalized. Each student judged on a scale of 1-10. Five judged the all capitals headline; five judged the first letter only capitalized.
independent sample
df=5+5-2=8
2. On the basis of Critical Reading SAT scores, each male was matched with a female. Then the math SAT scores were found and the mean for the 18 males was compared to the mean of the 18 females.
paired sample (male paired with a female)
df=18-1=17
3. To control for socioeconomic status, this study used only families with annual incomes in the $30-40,000 a year range. Thirty-six fathers of one-year-olds were compared. Half had participated in the Lamaze method a year earlier when their child was born and half had not. A non-verbal behavior score was taken during a 10-minute father-child session.
independent sample
df=36-2=34
4. A comparison of 54 fathers to their 54 sons all of whom were union members, showed the older men had higher spatial ability scores
paired sample (father paired with his son)
df=54-1=53