Maria is a sedentary, 68-year-old woman who is overweight. She complains that he
ID: 3478642 • Letter: M
Question
Maria is a sedentary, 68-year-old woman who is overweight. She complains that her hands and feet are always cold, and she tires quickly when cleaning the house. At her most recent visit to her doctor, her blood pressure was 184/98 mm Hg. A careful cardiac examination was performed and the following was noted: displacement of apex, a sustained and enlarged apical impulse, and the presence of an S4. She has edema around her ankles and legs, and her physician is concerned about an echocardiogram that indicates Maria has an enlarged heart.
Identify and discuss two reasons why Maria will have tissue ischemia. How, specifically, might this lead to hypoxia?
2. What two early and reversible changes occur to tissue cells when they are hypoxic?
3. What specific type of cellular adaptation has taken place in Maria’s enlarged heart? What made you come to this conclusion?
4. Explain the symptoms and clinical signs in this case on the physiologic level
Explanation / Answer
2) The early and reversible changes that occur in cells under hypoxic conditions are,
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