CLASS: PEMJ 324 Basic motor learning : Practice - 1.) How does variability of pr
ID: 3484106 • Letter: C
Question
CLASS: PEMJ 324 Basic motor learning :
Practice -
1.) How does variability of practice effect practice performance and learning?
2. How does inter-trial variability affect the type of practice used for closed skills?
3. What is the difference between blocked, random, and serial practice?
4. What is contextual interference? What is the contextual interference effect? Think of a real
world example in which the effect may be present.
5. How is the CI effect explained theoretically?
6. What is overlearning? What is the benefit of overlearning?
Explanation / Answer
1. Variable practice is also known as mixed practice.It refers to a training schedule that includes frequent changes. The varied practice approach focuses on the distribution of practice in time and interleaving of information or content to highlight distinctions that facilitate learning. Varied practice has been shown to enhance the retention, generalization and application of acquired skills.
2. If there is intertrial variability then regulatory and non regulatory conditions should be varied.
If there is no intertrial variability than regulatory conditions should remain constant but non regulatory conditions vary according to expectations for test situations.
3. Blocked practice - A traditional approach to practise that involves in getting a high number of reps repeating the exact same movement over and over.Block practice will simply repeat the previous movement and the reading and planning are eliminated.
Random practise - A practice approach that randomises reps ,never do the exact same thing twice.They are forced to read, plan and do before every single rep.
Serial practice - A practice sequence in which different skills performed are in a mixed order but in a fixed format.
4. Contextual interference: It is the function interference in learning responsible for memory improvement.The contextual interference effect is a learning phenomenon where interference during practise is beneficial to skill learning. The higher levels of contextual interference lead to poorer practise performance than lower levels while yielding the superior retention and transfer performance.
Contextual interference effect- The contextual interference effects occurs when high amount of contextual interference results in better learning.
High Cl = better learning.
5. The contextual interference effect refers to a random practise schedule varying parameters of a given task so that the learner would not perform consecutive trails in the same condition yielding better learning than a blocked practise schedule. The assumed superiority of a random practise has been based on 2 hypotheses i.e elaboration and distinction; action plan reconstruction.
6. Overlearning: overlearning is the repeated practise of a skill. It also leads to better performance in high stress situations for eg. performing in front of an audience.
Benefits of overlearning- overlearning continued practise after attaining mastery was found to increase the students long term retention.
The percentage of students participating in practise sessions varied considerably between classes.