I\'m writing a paper in APA format and have a question. I know when you have sam
ID: 3486972 • Letter: I
Question
I'm writing a paper in APA format and have a question. I know when you have same author and same year, you would put an alphabet letter behind the year to sor them. Like:
Smith, J. (2009a). Rise and fall of management systems. New York, NY: Wiley.
Smith, J. (2009b). Systems Management. Chicago, IL: Hawthorne Press.
My question is, what would you do if the year is not available? I have put "n.d." since there's no year available for me and I'm using a source from the same website. They're encyclopedia web pages from a university. What would I use behind n.d? Or is there any other way to cite this correctly? Please help.
Explanation / Answer
In case when the year is not defined and the source is from a web page, then according to APA, url of the site along with a digital object identifier (DOI; see Electronic Sources and Locator Information [PDF]) has to be written. No further retrieval information is needed.