Carefully read the \"Test 1: Inference\" section of the instructions before answ

ID: 3487142 • Letter: C

Question

Carefully read the "Test 1: Inference" section of the instructions before answering questions 1 - 16.

Statement of Facts: In 1946 the United States Armed Forces conducted an experiment called “Operation Snowdrop,” to find out what kinds of military men seems to function best under severe arctic climatic conditions. Some of the factors examined were weight, age, blood pressure, and national origin. All of the participants in “Operation Snowdrop” were given a training course in how to survive and function in extreme cold. At the conclusion of the experiment it was found that only two facts among those studied distinguished between men whose performance was rated as “effective” and those rated “not effective” on the arctic exercises. These factors were: (1) desire to participate in the experiment, and (2) degree of knowledge and skill regarding how to live and protect oneself under arctic conditions.

Inference: Despite the training course given to all of the participants in "Operation Snowdrop," some participants exhibited greater arctic survival knowledge or skill than others.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 2

Statement of Facts: In 1946 the United States Armed Forces conducted an experiment called “Operation Snowdrop,” to find out what kinds of military men seemed to function best under severe arctic climatic conditions. Some of the factors examined were weight, age, blood pressure, and national origin. All of the participants in “Operation Snowdrop” were given a training course in how to survive and function in extreme cold. At the conclusion of the experiment it was found that only two facts among those studied distinguished between men whose performance was rated as “effective” and those rated “not effective” on the arctic exercises. These factors were: (1) desire to participate in the experiment, and (2) degree of knowledge and skill regarding how to live and protect oneself under arctic conditions.

Inference: It was believed by the Armed Forces that military operations might someday be carried out in an arctic-like environment.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 3

Inference: A majority of the men who participated in "Operation Snowdrop" thoroughly disliked the experience.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 4

Inference: As a group, the men of Scandinavian origin were found to function more effectively under severe arctic conditions than those of Latin origin.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 5

Inference: Participants having normal weight and blood pressure were rated as significantly more effective on the arctic exercises than were the other participants.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 6

Statement of Facts: Mr. Brown, who lives in the town of Salem, was brought before the Salem municipal court for the sixth time in the past month on a charge of keeping his pool hall open after 1 a.m. He again admitted his guilt and was fined the maximum, $500, as in each earlier instance.

Inference: On some nights it was to Mr. Brown's advantage to keep his pool hall open after 1 a.m., even at the risk of paying a $500 fine.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 7

Inference: Mr. Brown's pool hall was held by the municipal court to be within the legal jurisdiction of thee town of Salem.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 8

Inference: Mr. Brown repeatedly flouted the 1 a.m. closing law in hopes of getting it repealed.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 9

Inference: The maximum fine of $500 was fully effective in keeping all pool halls in Salem and its vicinity closed after 1 p.m.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 10

Inference: There was one week during the past month when Mr. Brown observed the legal closing time each night.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 11

Statement of Facts: Some time ago a crowd gathered in Middletown to hear the new president of the Chamber of Commerce speak. The president said, “I am not asking, but demanding, that labor unions now accept their full share of responsibility for civic improvement and community welfare. I am not asking, but demanding, that they join the Chamber of Commerce.” The members of the Central Labor Unions who were present applauded enthusiastically. Three months later all the labor unions in Middletown were represented in the Chamber of Commerce. These representatives worked with representatives of other groups on committees, spoke their minds, participated actively in the civic improvement projects, and helped the Chamber reach the goals set in connection with those projects.

Inference: Both the labor union representatives and the other members of the committee came to a better recognition of one another's viewpoints through their Chamber of Commerce contacts.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 12

Inference: Union participation in the Middletown Chamber of Commerce greatly reduced worker-management disputes in that town.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 13

Inference: The active participation of the labor unions resolved many controversies at all the committee meetings of the Chamber of Commerce.

QUESTION 14

Inference: Most of the union representatives regretted having accepted the invitation to participate in the Chamber of Commerce.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 15

Inference: Some of the Chamber of Commerce members came to feel that their president had been unwise in asking the union representatives to join the Chamber.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 16

Inference: The new president indicated in the speech that the town's labor unions had not yet accepted their full responsibility for civic improvement.

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

QUESTION 17

Carefully read the "Test 2: Recognition of Assumptions" section of the instructions before answering questions 17 - 32.

Statement: In the long run, the discovery of additional uses for atomic energy will prove a blessing to humanity.

Proposed assumption: Additional and beneficial ways of using atomic energy will be discovered.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 18

Statement: In the long run, the discovery of additional uses for atomic energy will prove a blessing to humanity.

Proposed assumption: The discovery of additional uses for atomic energy will require large, long-term investments of money.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 19

Statement: In the long run, the discovery of additional uses for atomic energy will prove a blessing to humanity.

Proposed assumption: The use of atomic energy represents a serious environmental hazard.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

1 points

QUESTION 20

Statement: Zenith is the city to move to - it has the lowest taxes.

Proposed assumption: Lower taxes imply efficient city management.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 21

Statement: Zenith is the city to move to - it has the lowest taxes.

Proposed assumption: In deciding where to live, it is important to avoid high taxes.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 22

Statement: Zenith is the city to move to - it has the lowest taxes.

Proposed assumption: The majority of the residents of Zenith are content with their present city government.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 23

Statement: We have permitted ourselves to be stampeded into a life of unnatural and dangerous high pressure. We pace ourselves by machines instead of by our natural rhythm.

Proposed assumption: We can resist being pushed into a life of unnatural high pressure.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 24

Statement: We have permitted ourselves to be stampeded into a life of unnatural and dangerous high pressure. We pace ourselves by machines instead of by our natural rhythm.

Proposed assumption: The way of life we have adopted is not in tune with the way human beings were meant to live.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 25

Statement: We have permitted ourselves to be stampeded into a life of unnatural and dangerous high pressure. We pace ourselves by machines instead of by our natural rhythm.

Proposed assumption: The rapid pace of our lives does not help us to achieve our goals.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 26

Statement: I’m traveling to South America. I want to be sure that I do not get typhoid fever, so I shall go to my physician and get vaccinated against typhoid fever before I begin my trip.

Proposed assumption: If I don't take the injection, I shall become ill with the fever.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 27

Statement: I’m traveling to South America. I want to be sure that I do not get typhoid fever, so I shall go to my physician and get vaccinated against typhoid fever before I begin my trip.

Proposed assumption: By getting vaccinated against typhoid fever, I decrease the chances that I will get the disease.

Assumption made

Assumption not mad

QUESTION 28

Statement: I’m traveling to South America. I want to be sure that I do not get typhoid fever, so I shall go to my physician and get vaccinated against typhoid fever before I begin my trip.

Proposed assumption: Typhoid fever is more common in South America than it is where I live.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 29

Statement: I’m traveling to South America. I want to be sure that I do not get typhoid fever, so I shall go to my physician and get vaccinated against typhoid fever before I begin my trip.

Proposed assumption: My physician can provide me with a vaccination that will protect me from getting typhoid fever while I am in South America.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 30

Statement: If war is inevitable, we’d better launch a preventive war now while we have the advantage.

Proposed assumption: War is inevitable.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 31

Statement: If war is inevitable, we’d better launch a preventive war now while we have the advantage.

Proposed assumption: If we fight now, we are more likely to win than we would be if forced to fight later.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 32

Statement: If war is inevitable, we’d better launch a preventive war now while we have the advantage.

Proposed assumption: If we don't launch a preventive war now, we'll lose any war that may be started by an enemy later.

Assumption made

Assumption not made

QUESTION 33

Carefully read the "Test 3: Deduction" section of the instructions before answering questions 33 - 48.

Statements: No person who thinks scientifically places any faith in the predictions of astrologers. Nevertheless, there are many people who rely on horoscopes provided by astrologers. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: People who lack confidence in horoscopes think scientifically.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

QUESTION 34

Statements: No person who thinks scientifically places any faith in the predictions of astrologers. Nevertheless, there are many people who rely on horoscopes provided by astrologers. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: Many people do not think scientifically.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

QUESTION 35

Statements: No person who thinks scientifically places any faith in the predictions of astrologers. Nevertheless, there are many people who rely on horoscopes provided by astrologers. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: Some scientific thinkers trust some astrologers.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

QUESTION 36

Statements: All members of symphony orchestras enjoy playing classical music. All members of symphony orchestras spend long hours practicing. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: Musicians who play classical music do not mind spending long hours practicing.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

QUESTION 37

Statements: All members of symphony orchestras enjoy playing classical music. All members of symphony orchestras spend long hours practicing. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: Some musicians who spend long hours practicing enjoy playing classical music.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

QUESTION 38

Statements: Rice and celery must have a good deal of moisture in order to grow well, but rye and cotton grow best where it is relatively dry. Rice and cotton grow where it is hot, and celery and rye where it is cool. In Timbuktu, it is very hot and damp. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: Neither the temperature nor the moisture conditions in Timbuktu are favorable for growing a celery crop.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

QUESTION 39

Proposed conclusion: The temperature and moisture conditions in Timbuktu are more favorable for growing rice than for growing celery, cotton, or rye.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

QUESTION 40

Proposed conclusion: Conditions in Timbuktu are not altogether favorable for growing a cotton or a rye crop.

QUESTION 41

Statements: Most persons who attempt to break their smoking habit find that it is something that they can accomplish only with difficulty, or cannot accomplish at all. Nevertheless, there is a growing number of individuals whose strong desire to stop smoking has enabled them to beak the habit permanently. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: Only smokers who strongly desire to stop smoking will succeed in doing so.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 42

Proposed conclusion: A strong desire to stop smoking helps some people to permanently break the habit.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 43

Statements: In one town there are 52 classes in the five elementary schools. Each class contains from 10 to 40 pupils. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: There are at least two classes in the town with exactly the same number of pupils.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 44

Statements: In one town there are 52 classes in the five elementary schools. Each class contains from 10 to 40 pupils. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: Most elementary school classes in the town contain more than 15 pupils.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 45

Statements: In one town there are 52 classes in the five elementary schools. Each class contains from 10 to 40 pupils. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: There are at least 550 pupils in these elementary schools.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 46

Statements: Some Russians would like to control the world. All Russians seek a better life for themselves. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: Some people who would like to control the world seek a better life for themselves.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 47

Statements: Some Russians would like to control the world. All Russians seek a better life for themselves. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: Some people who seek a better life for themselves would like to control the world.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 48

Statements: Some Russians would like to control the world. All Russians seek a better life for themselves. Therefore-

Proposed conclusion: If the Russians controlled the world, they would be assured of a better life.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 49

Carefully read the "Test 4: Interpretation" section of the instructions before answering questions 49 - 64.

Information: The history of the last 2000 years shows that wars have steadily become more frequent and more destructive. The twentieth century has the worst record thus far on both these counts.

Proposed conclusion: Mankind has not advanced much in the ability to keep peace.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 50

Information: The history of the last 2000 years shows that wars have steadily become more frequent and more destructive. The twentieth century has the worst record thus far on both these counts.

Proposed conclusion: If past trends continue, we can expect that there will be more wars in the twentieth-first century than there were in the twentieth century.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 51

Information: The history of the last 2000 years shows that wars have steadily become more frequent and more destructive. The twentieth century has the worst record thus far on both these counts.

Proposed conclusion: Wars have become more frequent and more destructive because the world's natural resources have become more valuable.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 52

Information: When the United States Steel Corporation was created in 1902, it was the largest corporation America had known up to that time. It produced twice as much steel as all of its domestic competitors put together. Today, the United States Steel Corporation produces about 20 percent of the steel that is made in this country.

Proposed conclusion: In 1902, the United States Steel Corporation produced not less than 66 percent of the total domestic output of steel.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 53

Proposed conclusion: Today, domestic competitors produce more than three times as much steel as does the United States Steel Corporation.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 54

Proposed conclusion: The United States Steel Corporation produces less steel today than it did in 1902.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 55

Information: Pat had poor posture, had very few friends, was ill at ease in company, and in general was very unhappy. Then a close friend recommended that Pat visit Dr. Baldwin, a reputed expert on helping people improve their personalities. Pat took this recommendation and, after three months of treatment by Dr. Baldwin, develop more friendships, was more at ease, and in general felt happier.

Proposed conclusion: Without Dr. Baldwin's treatment, Pat would not have improved.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 56

Proposed conclusion: Improvements in Pat's life occurred after Dr. Baldwin's treatment started.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 57

Proposed conclusion: Without a friend's advice, Pat would not have heard of Dr. Baldwin.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 58

Information: In a certain city where school attendance laws are strictly enforced, it was found that only 15 percent of the students had a perfect attendance record during a single school semester. Among those who sold newspapers, however, 25 percent had a perfect attendance record during the same semester.

Proposed conclusion: Students who sold newspapers were more likely to have perfect attendance records during the semester than students who did not.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 59

Proposed conclusion: Strict enforcement of school attendance laws in this city did not prevent 85 percent of the students from being absent sometime during the semester.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 60

Proposed conclusion: If truants were given jobs selling newspapers, their school attendance would improve.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 61

Proposed conclusion: The low rate of perfect attendance by students in that school system was due mainly to illness or injury.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 62

Information: When I go to bed at night, I usually fall asleep quite promptly. But about twice a month I drink coffee during the evening, and whenever I do, I lie awake and toss for hours.

Proposed conclusion: My problem is mostly psychological: I expect that the coffee will keep me awake and therefore it does.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 63

Information: When I go to bed at night, I usually fall asleep quite promptly. But about twice a month I drink coffee during the evening, and whenever I do, I lie awake and toss for hours.

Proposed conclusion: I don't fall asleep promptly at night after drinking coffee because the caffeine in it overstimulates my nervous system.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 64

Information: When I go to bed at night, I usually fall asleep quite promptly. But about twice a month I drink coffee during the evening, and whenever I do, I lie awake and toss for hours.

Proposed conclusion: On nights when I want to fall asleep promptly, I'd better not drink coffee in the evening.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

1 points

QUESTION 65

Carefully read the "Test 5: Evaluation of Arguments" section of the instructions before answering questions 65 - 80.

Question: Would a strong labor party promote the general welfare of the people in the United States?

Argument: No; a strong labor party would make it unattractive for private investors to risk their money in business ventures, thus causing sustained large-scle unemployment.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 66

Question: Would a strong labor party promote the general welfare of the people in the United States?

Argument: Yes; differences between Republicans and Democrats today are not as great as the differences between liberals and conservatives within those parties.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 67

Question: Would a strong labor party promote the general welfare of the people in the United States?

Argument: No; labor unions have called strikes in a number of important industries.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 68

Question: Should groups in this country who are opposed to some of our government’s policies be permitted unrestricted freedom of press and speech?

Argument: Yes; a democratic state thrives on free and unrestricted discussion, including criticism.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 69

Question: Should groups in this country who are opposed to some of our government’s policies be permitted unrestricted freedom of press and speech?

Argument: No; the countries opposed to our form of government do not permit the free expression of our points of view in their territories.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 70

Question: Should groups in this country who are opposed to some of our government’s policies be permitted unrestricted freedom of press and speech?

Argument: No; if given full freedom of press and speech, opposition groups would cause serious internal strife, making our government basically unstable, and eventually leading to the loss of our democracy.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 71

Question: Should the United States Department of Defense keep the public informed of its anticipated scientific research programs by publicizing ahead of time the needs that would be served by each program?

Argument: No; some become critical of the government when widely publicized projects turn out unsuccessfully.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 72

Argument: Yes; only a public so informed will support vital research and development activities with its tax dollars.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 73

Argument: No; it is essential to keep certain military developments secret for national security and defense reasons.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 74

Question: Do juries decide court cases fairly when one of the opposing parties is rich and the other is poor?

Argument: No; because rich people are more likely to settle their cases out of court.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 75

Question: Do juries decide court cases fairly when one of the opposing parties is rich and the other is poor?

Argument: No; most jurors are more sympathetic to poor people than to the rich, and the jurors' sympathies affect their findings.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 76

Question: Do juries decide court cases fairly when one of the opposing parties is rich and the other is poor?

Argument: No; because rich people can afford to hire better lawyers than poor people, and juries are influenced by the skill of the opposing lawyers.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 77

Question: Should pupils be excused from public schools to receive religious instruction in their own churches during school hours?

Argument: No; having public-school children go off to their separate churches during school hours would seriously interfere with the educational process and create friction among children of different religions.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 78

Question: Should pupils be excused from public schools to receive religious instruction in their own churches during school hours?

Argument: Yes; religious instruction would help overcome moral emptiness, weakness, and lack of consideration for other people, all of which appear to be current problems in our nation.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 79

Question: Should pupils be excused from public schools to receive religious instruction in their own churches during school hours?

Argument: Yes; religious instruction is very important to the preservation of our democratic values.

Strong argument

Weak argument

1 points

QUESTION 80

Question: Should pupils be excused from public schools to receive religious instruction in their own churches during school hours?

Argument: No; religious instruction during school hours would violate our constitutional separation of church and state; those who desire such instruction are free to get it after school hours.

Strong argument

Weak argument

Definitely true

Probably true

Insufficient data

Probably false

Definitely false

Explanation / Answer

Question1:
Inference: Despite the training course given to all of the participants in "Operation Snowdrop," some participants exhibited greater arctic survival knowledge or skill than others.

Answer1:
Definitely true.
It is obvious that the participant whose desire to participate in the experiment and body strength is more will exhibited greater arctic survival knowledge or skill than others.

------------------------------------------
Question2:
Inference: It was believed by the Armed Forces that military operations might someday be carried out in an arctic-like environment.

Answer2:
Probably true.
They already carried out that experiment in 1946 so it is quite possible that they may conduct that kind of test in future.

------------------------------------------
Question3:
Inference: A majority of the men who participated in "Operation Snowdrop" thoroughly disliked the experience.

Answer3:
Insufficient data
Experience data/result of the participants about the test is not given so we can't say anything about the experience other than just guess.

------------------------------------------
Question4:
Inference: As a group, the men of Scandinavian origin were found to function more effectively under severe arctic conditions than those of Latin origin.

Answer4:
Probably true.
Scandinavian origin people are used to live in arctic conditions than latin origin so this case might be true.

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