Please try to answer as many questions as possible, thank you! 2) Why do primary
ID: 532818 • Letter: P
Question
Please try to answer as many questions as possible, thank you!
2) Why do primary alkyl halides typically undergo SN2 substitution reactions more rapidly than do secondary or tertiary alkyl halides? 3) More stable carbocations react slower than less stable carbocations. Why, then, do SN1 reactions that produce more stable carbocations occur faster? 4) Why should care be exercised in handling concentrated acids such as H2SO4 and HBr? 5) Why should reflux of the reaction mixture be gentle with the condensation ring remaining close to the surface of the liquid in the test tube? 6) By observing the reaction mixture, what visual evidence can be gained to indicate that the reaction is occurring? 7) What is the function of Cacl2 in this experiment? 8) The limiting reagent in the production of 1-bromobutane is 1-butanol. Calculate the theoretical yield of 1-bromobutane for your experiment. 9) How does the SN1 reaction in this experiment cause the acid-base indicator, phenolphthalein, to change color? 10) Why is it important that the amount of 0.1 M NaOH be measured exactly? 11) For which group of compounds used in this experiment should you avoid inhalation and contact with the skin? 12. Which is the stronger acid HI or HBr? Which is the stronger base, or BrExplanation / Answer
2. Rate of SN2 reaction is inversely proportional to steric hinderence about carbon atom which is attached to halogen. In case of primary halides the hinderence factor is minimum so the substitution would occur more rapidly with primary halides then with secondary or tertiary
3. SN1 reaction involve two steps. The step in which carbocation react is fast and hence don't influence rate much. The step in which carbocation are formed is slow and hence influence rate. We know that stable carbocation are formed faster so they react faster in SN1 reaction.