I. Distinguish among procambium, vascular cambium and cork cambium. 2. What caus

ID: 72541 • Letter: I

Question

I. Distinguish among procambium, vascular cambium and cork cambium. 2. What causes stomates to open? 3. How are fungi different from all other living things? 4. What is the difference between C3 and C4 plants? 5. Compare the sporophyte and gametophyte generations of mosses and ferns. What roles do light, water, and carbon dioxide play in photosynthesis? 6. Explain the cohesion-tension theory 7. What is the pressure -flow hypothesis? 8. How are flowering plants different from all other living things? 9. What is the difference between dormacy and quiescence? 10. What happens during the Calvin cycle? 11. How is active transport different form osmosis? 12. What is the ecological importance of mosses? 13. What is endosoperm and how is it formed? 14. Why are flowering plants unique? 15. How does transpiration affect the opening and closing of stomates? 16. Compare a sieve tube member with a vessel element. 17. What causes turgor pressure in plant cells? 18. How does water enter plants? 19. How does light quality influence photosynthesis? 20. What major chemical processes go on in plant cells? 21. What happens during double fertilization and in what group of plants doesit occur? 22. What is the dikaryon and in which group of organisms is it found? 23. What are the differences among the sac fungi, algae-like fungi, club fungi, and imperfect fungi? (Ascomycota, zygomycota, basidomycota, &fungi; imperfecti) 24. How does the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect photosynthesis? 25. Where are C3 plants usually found? C4 plants? 26. What is CAM photosynthesis? 27. What is the function of the fruit in plants? 28. What regulates plant growth? Explain briefly. 29. What is photorespiration? 30. What are some of the differences between monocots and dicots? 31. How are the conifers (Pinophyta) and flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) alike? How are they different? 32. How does the herbaceous dicot root anatomy differ from the stem anatomy? 33. Compare the anatomy of a monocot root with that of a dicot 34. Woody dicot stem anatomy 36. Leaf and floral anatomy 35. Compare the Psilotophyta, Lycophyta, Equisetophyta, and Polypodiophyta. 36. How is fern reproduction different from reproduction in pines? 37. What are plant hormones and what do they do? 38. How do the following affect plant growth: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and absissic acid.

Explanation / Answer

2). Cuticle contains specialized pores called stomata, which allow the passage of o2 and co2 through it. The Stomata contain two guard cells, they swell and shrink when water moves into and out of them and this controls the loss of water from the leaf while allowing the passage of gases. Stomates open under the conditions of low CO2 levels in plant.

3). Fungus does not belong to either plants or animals; they form a separate group. They are nucleated cells, which contain chitin in their cell walls instead of cellulose like plant cells. They can reproduce both sexually and asexually. They do not ingest food like animals, but cannot carryout photosynthesis similar to animals

4).

C3 Plants

C4 Plants

CAM plants

Found in all photoactive plants

Found in tropical plants

Found specially in succulents growing under semi arid condition.

Photo active stomata

Scoto active stomata

Fast respiration and normal leaf anatomy

Slow or negligible respiration

Slow or negligible rate of respiration

The cycle used may be xerophytic, mesophytic or hydrophytic

The cycle used may be mesophytic

The cycle used may be xerophytic

Ist stable product is 3PGA (3- Phosphoglycerate)

Ist stable product is oxaloacetic acid (OAA)

Ist stable product is OAA

12NADPH and 18 ATP molecules are required to synthesise one glucose molecule

12NADPH and 30 ATP molecules are required to synthesise one glucose molecule

12NADPH and 39 ATP molecules are required to synthesise one glucose molecule

Eg: Elm

Eg: Corn, sugar cane

Eg: Pineapple

C4 can more efficient at photosynthesis than C3 plants, but 95% of plants on earth are C3 plants. C4 plants are evolved as a means to avoid carbon dioxide depletion during dry condition; they can concentrate carbon dioxide up to times than C3 plants. CAM plants can tolerate arid condition better than C4 plants; they conduct photosynthesis only during nights because their stomata remain closed during day time to avoid water evaporation.