IJust need help gather information for this required assignment. You need to wri
ID: 803570 • Letter: I
Question
IJust need help gather information for this required assignment.
You need to write a five-page (double spaced, 12 point font, standard margins) paper on Desalinization of sea water
The Assignment
Find a minimum of 5 sources that relate to any one of the above topics. These articles must be from textbooks, newspapers, journals, or the Internet (see below). Use the information in these articles to write your paper. In your paper, discuss briefly the main issue or concept involved; what ideas, solutions, or input to this topic you have; and how this topic relates to you. If space permits, mention what you found that was particularly interesting
To Be Included with Your Paper
Include a title page with your name, date, paper topic, and word count.
The text of your paper comes next and must be at least 5 pages. Properly quotes sources should be in this format: “…this is a sample quote” (Smith, 2016). However, your paper should not be just a series of quotes; it cannot contain more than 25% quotes.
Include a reference page after that lists a number (1 through 5 or more) and the exact reference for each article: author(s), title, journal name, date, and page numbers. If you have used Internet sources, list the URL address (that begins with "http://…") with the date the Website was last copyrighted/updated (not just when you accessed it). You may use either APA or MLA format for these references.
Explanation / Answer
Desalination of sea water
About 97% of earth's water is saline and this saline water cannot be used for irrigation or drinking water. Since there is scarcity of fresh water, desalination is an effective technique to cope with the shortage of fresh water in tropical as well as offshore areas. Desalination is a process which separates dissolved salts and minerals from the water. Sea water desalination provide enough portable water to support a large population near the coast and can be very effective in dry areas.
Methods of desalination
Reverse osmosis and nano filtration: These are the pressure driven membrane processes. Membrane configuration used are spiral wound, hollow fiber, sheet with spiral which is most commonly used. These membranes are mostly made up of polymeric materials. Operating pressures are 50-1000 psig.
Membrane distillation: This process is currently limited in commercial use. In this process a hydrophobic synthetic membrane is used to allow the flow of water vapour through the membrane pores but not the solution. The difference in vapour pressure of the liquid across the membrane is the driving force for the membrane distillation.
Electrodialysis and electrolysis reversal: These processes are driven by direct current in which ions flow to ion selective membrane to the oppositely charged electrodes. Electrodes polarity is reversed periodically. Ion transfer cation and anion membrane separate the feed water. These systems are used in water with low dissolved solutes.
Forward osmosis: It is a relatively new technique that in which salt concentration gradient is the driving force through a synthetic membrane. Sea water is on one side of semi permeable membrane and on the other side is the higher osmotic pressure draw solution. The sea water will migrate from the membrane to the draw solution without applying any external pressure. This diluted solution is separated from the draw solution.
Since the salt can easily dissolve in water forming strong chemical bonds which are difficult to break. So the desalination of water requires a lot of energy which makes the energy and technology to desalinate water quite expensive. Since reverse osmosis requires less energy than other techniques therefore smaller scale desalination techniques which are relatively cheap and energy efficient like reverse osmosis could be employed in those regions having acute shortage of water.
References:
http://www.lenntech.com/processes/desalination/general/desalination-key-issue.htm
http://www.amtaorg.com/Water_Desalination_Processes.html
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-dont-we-get-our-drinking-water-from-the-ocean/