Melena can determine upper verses lower GI tract pathology. a) Dark/Black red bl
ID: 85493 • Letter: M
Question
Melena can determine upper verses lower GI tract pathology.
a) Dark/Black red blood stool– upper GI tract
b) Bright red blood stool– lower GI tract
c) Melena – upper GI tract
d) Melena – lower GI tract
Bright red blood can determine upper verses lower GI tract pathology.
a) Black tarry stool – upper GI tract
b) Bright red blood stool – lower GI Tract
c) Black tarry stool – lower GI tract
d) Bright red blood stool – upper GI tract
Which one is not true about the diaphragm?
a) The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle.
b) The diaphragm increases the space of the thoracic cavity when contracted
c) The diaphragm moves inferiorly and flattens out in the relaxed state.
d) The diaphragm receives innervation from the phrenic nerve.
The circle of Willis of the brain does not include the:
a) anterior and posterior cerebral
b) external carotid
c) internal carotid
d) anterior and posterior communicating
Which one is not a component of the spermatic cord?
a) pampiniform (veinous) plexus
b) ductus (vas) deferens
c) cremaster muscle
d) testicular artery
Explanation / Answer
1. C
Melena is four-times more likely to come from an upper gastrointestinal bleed than from the lower GI tract. Black tarry appearing stools medically referred to as melena.
2. B
Bright red stool, called hematochezia, is the sign of a fast moving active GI bleed.[1] The bright red or maroon color is due to the short time taken from the site of the bleed and the exiting at the anus. The presence of hematochezia is six-times greater in a LGIB than with a UGIB.
3. C
The diaphragm contracts and moves in inferior direction thus enlarging volume of thoraxic cavity. In relaxed state it is on dome shape.
4. Ans: b
The circle of willis connects the anterior circulation with the posterior circulation. It is formed when internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity and divides into anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. The anterior cerebral arteries are then united by an anterior communicating (ACOM) artery. These connections form the anterior half (anterior circulation) of the circle of Willis. Posteriorly, the basilar artery, formed by the left and right vertebral arteries, branches into a left and right posterior cerebral artery (PCA), forming the posterior circulation.
5. D
The spermatic cord contains the testicular vein, deferential artery, ductus deferens. Spermatic cord structures include Lymphatics Nerves Vessels Ductus deferens Cremaster muscle.