Please answer all these questions and explain how they are related. Please, don\
ID: 148884 • Letter: P
Question
Please answer all these questions and explain how they are related. Please, don't answer if you don't know the entire answer or only know one of the questions. Thank you!
Temperature: How do hyperthermophiles withstand high temperatures?
Atmosphere: How do aerobic bacteria withstand the toxic derivatives of oxygen metabolism?
pH: What mechanism(s) do acidophiles and alkaliphiles have in common that allow them to tolerate extremes of pH?
Water: How do osmotolerant bacteria resist crenation in a hypertonic environment?
Explanation / Answer
ans 1.…..hyperthermophlies are adapted for heat.they have heat resistant protein molecules and enzymes that work better at high temperature.the protein molecules in the hyperthermophlies exhibit hyperthermostability that is they maintain their strucral integrity and function at high temperature.
moreover the cell membrane contain high levels of saturated fatty acids to retain its shape at high temperature.
ans 2..the derivative of aerobic respiration in aerobic bacteria are mailny hydrogen peroxide.these organism have catalase enzyme which break down this H2O2 into simpler forms which can be furher used as raw material in some other process.
Co2 produced by aerobic respiration is removed by simple diffusion thtough body surface.
ans 3...the common mechanism to maintain pH in both acidophile and alkaliphile organims is Sodium hydrogen antiporter.Their is active or passive movement of H+ ion in or out of the cell according to the environmental pH which maintains the internal cytoplasmic pH of the organism.
ans4...these bacteria utilize a strategy to survive in such conditions by storing compaitable solutes in their cytoplasm like glycerol,glycine,betain,sorbitol,mannitol ,amino acids etc .these molecules give them strength to survive the high osmotic stress by maintaining a cytoplasmic concentration that allows influx of water into cell