Physics Topics Applied to Daily Life - 200 Words Required Instructions: For BOTH
ID: 1784059 • Letter: P
Question
Physics Topics Applied to Daily Life - 200 Words Required
Instructions: For BOTH A & B, provide a minimum 100 WORDS in a Paragraph structure at a College Sophmore Level applying the concepts. Break it down so a 10-year old could understand what you mean.
a) Temperature & Heat; Heat Engines & Thermodynamics -
The many particles that compose normal substances can be characterized by their thermodynamic ("heat in motion") properties. These include temperature, internal energy, and the transfer of that energy, or heat. The properties of gases are related by the ideal gas law. Solids, liquids, and gases may change into each other, or simply change temperature. Discuss the three fundamental laws of thermodynamics and their relation to heat flow and temperature. Many modern conveniences (refrigerators, car engines, heaters, etc.) can be used to illustrate thermodynamic relationships.
b) Provide sentence constructed exampes of every day life occurances to explain how these physics concepts apply.
Explanation / Answer
1)Temperature is the measure of degree of hotness or coldness of a substance.Temperature is measured using a thermometer.They are calibrated using various scales.Most commonly used scales are Celcius(C0),Farhenheit(F0), and Kelvin scale.
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that mainly deals with the transformation of heat into mechanical work.The state of a system is defined by assigning values to a sufficient number of variables pressure P,Volume V,temperature T.Any matter which are bounded by some closed surface is called system and the space outside the system is called surrounding
The fundamental Laws of thermodynamics
ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS-A thermodynamic system is in thermal equilibrium if all the parts of the system are at the same temperature and this temperature is the same as that of the surroundings.
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS-states that the amount of heat(dQ) given to a system is equal to sum of the increase in internal energy(dU) and the external work(dW),
dQ=dU+dW
SECOND LAW OF THEMODYNAMICS-It is mainly concerned with the direction in which heat transfer takes place,
1) Kelvin;s Statement- It is impossible to derive a continuous supply of energy by cooling a body below the coldest of its surroundings.This has a wide application in heat engines.Here the working substance(fuel) abstracts heat from the source at a high temperature,converts a part of it into usefulwork and reject the rest to the sink at lower temperature.Here the presence of a colder body is a must for continuous conversion of heat into work.
2)Clausius statement-It is impossible for a self acting machine,unaided by an external agency to transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature This has application in refrigerator.Here working substance absorbs heat from a cold body,and heat is transfered from a cold body to a hot body with the aid of an external agency so on the other hand it reverses the above process in heat engines
b) We can came across many applications of thermodynamics in our everyday life.The fundamental laws of thermodynamics explain the flow of heat and its conversion into various other forms of energy.
The various heat engines like diesel engine ,carnot engine ,petrol engine etc works on the basis of thermodynamics laws.Also refrigerators,Coolants,Air conditioners etc works on the principle of second law of thermodynamics as stated above.
We experience in our daily life the various heat transfer by the method of conduction,radiation,convection .Due to the heat transfer we are able to cook food,boil water,sea breeze,land breeze etc that we experience in our day to day life.Moreover coldness is nothing but it is the absence of hotness .In all the above process energy is the only thing that keeps on going.
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