Part A: As described in the chapter, viruses vary greatly in their genetic mater
ID: 197519 • Letter: P
Question
Part A:
As described in the chapter, viruses vary greatly in their genetic material and structure. For example, the Zika virus is enveloped and has single-stranded RNA. One way of classifying viruses is using Baltimore classes. Based on the information in the passage and in the chapter, how could the researchers determine the Baltimore class of the Zika virus?
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They could examine the shape of the capsid.
Part C:
The introductory passage gives information about the structure and function of the Zika virus. Based on this information, what is the Baltimore class of the Zika virus?
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The introductory passage gives information about the structure and function of the Zika virus. Based on this information, what is the Baltimore class of the Zika virus?
They could examine whether enzymes such as RNA replicase or reverse transcriptase were present. They could examine whether the virus had an envelope. They could examine whether the virus had an RNA or a DNA genome. They could examine whether the genome was single stranded or double stranded.They could examine the shape of the capsid.
Prior to 2016, Zika was known as a relatively benign mosquito-transmitted viral disease. Little research had been performed on the virus because most Zika infections caused only mild flulike symptoms lasting a few days. However, in recent outbreaks in South America, Central America, and Mexico, Zika infections in pregnant women have been linked to a birth defect called microcephaly, a severe brain malformation in which a baby is born with an abnormally small head. As the virus reached epidemic status, unexpected reports of Zika transmission from sexual contact emerged that resulted in the World Health Organization declaring the Zika virus "a public health emergency of international concern." What can be done to combat the Zika epidemic? Zika is an enveloped icosahedral virus with a single-stranded plus-sense RNA genome. As a member of the Flaviviridae virus family, Zika is similar in many respects to the mosquito-transmitted dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. However, Zika differs from these other viruses in its ability to enter the central nervous system and potentially cross the placenta To better understand the Zika virus, scientists have zeroed in on the structure of the virion using advanced imaging techniques. The image here is a colorized transmission electron micrograph of Zika virions (blue, 40 nm in diameter) and a three-dimensional (3D) cryo-electron micrograph reconstruction of a mature Zika virion at near-atomic resolution (inset). The 3D analysis has revealed a striking difference between Zika and its close relatives: A unique carbohydrate group is associated with each of the 180 proteins that make up the icosahedral capsid of the Zika virus. Scientists believe that this molecule may be the key to Zika's ability to bind to nerve cells. If so, the structure could make an excellent antiviral target and offer opportunities for the development of both therapeutic and preventive drugs Besides answering questions regarding Zika's ability to attack nerve cells, the structural blueprint generated by these advanced microscopic techniques could be instrumental in future vaccine development, scientists say. Immediately, however, this work has provided a Zika virus fingerprint for its diagnosis and detection, and illustrates how basic science often contributes to improving human health Sirohi, D., et al. 2016. The 3.8 A resolution cryo-EM structure of Zika virus. Science 352: 467-470Explanation / Answer
Baltimore classification is based on the type of genome and mode of replication therefor the classify Zika virus they could use statements 1,3 and 4
Zika virus would be classified as Baltimore class IV, +ssRNA genome