Construct an accurate cladogram ( without polytomies ) of the following animals:
ID: 273913 • Letter: C
Question
Construct an accurate cladogram (without polytomies) of the following animals:
Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), Male nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), Southern three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), Female pot-bellied pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), Chilean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis), Hornbill (Bucerotidae), Kunekune Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens), White-naped Crane (Grus vipio), Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
Finally, compare and contrast the anatomy, functions, and mechanism of action of hydrostatic skeleton, exoskeleton, and endoskeleton. Indicate which type of system each of your species possesses.
Explanation / Answer
. Hydrostatic skeleton is the one which is supported y fluid pressure and are commonly seen in simple invertebrates. Function of this type of skeleton is maintaining shape and movement of the animals. It is arranged in cylindrical shape and are covered by different type of muscles. Muscle are found as a continuous sheet separate bundles. Fluid presented in the body is generally concentrated so that forces of the muscle spread throughout the organism. Helically reinforced hydrostatic skeleton is typical for flexible structures such as soft bodied aimals.
Exoskeleton is the external skeleton which supports the body of the animal. Some thicker or larger type of exoskeleton is termed shells. Components of exoskeleton contains rigid and resistant material that helps in various functions such as protection, sensing, feeding, excretions, etc., exoskeleton contains chitin which makes the skin harder in addition to calcium carbonate. Hence exoskeleton protects from pests, predators, etc., Many species produce exoskeleton such as crabs, lobsters.
Unlike exoskeleton, endoskeleton is composed of tissues made up of minerals which is presented in inner surface of animals. It gives internal support to the animals. In vertebrae, two types of endoskeleton is presented include bone and cartilage.