Construct an accurate phylogenetic tree using the following taxa as tips: Manta
ID: 3510963 • Letter: C
Question
Construct an accurate phylogenetic tree using the following taxa as tips: Manta ray (MR), Bullfrog (BF), Bald Eagle (BE), Coho Salmon (CS), King Crab (KC), Grizzly Bear (GB), Pacific Jumping Mouse (PJM), Western Rattlesnake (WR), Dwarf Crocodile (DC), Moon Jellyfish (MU), North Pacific Giant Octopus (NPGO). Please also place the following synapomorphies on the tree: endoskeleton, completely keratinized epithelia, amniotic egg, and opsin duplication. 1. (12) 2. A spinal injury damages the axons of proprioceptive neurons connecting a wolfs muscle spindles to its cerebellum. Describe how and why the wolf's ability to execute a smooth jump while running will be effected by this injury. Then sketch a diagram showing where the injury has damaged the nervous system, and where neural connectivity has been broken. Please also describe the type of neurons (in terms of diameter and myelination) that carry this sensory information.Explanation / Answer
Answer 2. Proprioceptive neuron are involved in proprioception sense, which is the sense of relative positions of one's own part of body and strength of effort being employed in movement. The cerebellum is largely responsible for coordinating the unconscious aspects of proprioception. Proprioceptors are present in muscle spindle in skeletal muscle and golgi tendon organ in tendons and fibrous capsules in joint. The brain integrate the function of Proprioceptors and from the vestibular system into its overall sense of the body position.
Injury to proprioception causes loss of coordination of cerebellum, brain and vestibule system. Thus resulting in ib effectivness of smooth functioning of muscles of limb. Which affects its jump.
The neuron which carry this sensory information is the sensory nerve located in inner ear and in stretch receptor located in muscles and joint supporting ligament. Proprioceptors are sometimes called as adequate stimuli receptor.