Case: A surgical oncologist is conducting an experiment to assess the effectiven
ID: 3179067 • Letter: C
Question
Case: A surgical oncologist is conducting an experiment to assess the effectiveness of a new procedure that might cure patients who have advanced staged lung cancer. The experiment is costly, but has the potential to help many patients. If the experiment is said to be successful, patients who use this new procedure will no longer be undergoing their current treatments. If the experiment is considered unsuccessful (i.e., the procedure is said to be unhelpful in treating cancer), the patients will have to continue their current treatments, which do not promise a cure. Address the following questions under THESE Circumstances! [20 points total]
1) what would making a Type I error mean? Explain what would happen.
2)Within the context of THIS case, what would making a Type II error mean? Explain what would happen.
3) Is a Type I or a Type II error preferable? Maybe a better way to think about it is which Type would be WORSE in this case? Explain your reasoning.
Explanation / Answer
Here first we write the null and alternative hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis (H0): The new procedure does not cure patients who have advanced staged lung cancer.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The new procedure cures patients who have advanced staged lung cancer.
Part 1)
Type I Error: Reject the null hypothesis (H0), when the null hypothesis is true.
Type I Error occur when by mistake the surgical oncologist conclude that the new procedure cure patients who have advanced staged lung cancer but actually the new procedure does not cure patients who have advanced staged lung cancer.
Part 2)
Type II Error: Accept the null hypothesis (H0), when the null hypothesis is false.
Type II Error occur when by mistake the surgical oncologist conclude that the new procedure does not cure patients who have advanced staged lung cancer but actually the new procedure might cure patients who have advanced staged lung cancer.
Part 3)
Here Type II Error is more preferable as here the conclusion is the new procedure is not successful, so the patient will continue the current medicine, the patient may face some difficulties but will not die shortly due to the medicine affect but in Type I Error the conclusion is the new procedure is successful so the patient will stop the current medicine. When the patient will stop the current medicine the patient may die shortly.