Case study please Answer the following questions NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY
ID: 3515648 • Letter: C
Question
Case study please Answer the following questions NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Partl Diagnosis and Treatment Kathy realizes that she cannot wait until her appointment to receive medical care; she quickly goes to the emergency room. After a mountain of questions about Kathy's symptoms and medical history, the doctors decide to admit her for further testing. She is transferred to the neurology unit and the doctors request she undergo a series of laboratory tests including an MRI and a spinal tap. In the meantime, the doctors prescribe high dosages of steroids to help alleviate the symptoms Upon reviewing Kathy's medical history and the results of the various laboratory tests, the neurologists diagnose her with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). They explain to Kathy that MS is an autoimmune disease and that her own immune system has been attacking the myelin sheath that surrounds the nerves of her central nervous system. She remains in the hospital for a week until sensation is fully recovered in her lower body and strength is restored in her legs. She is discharged from the hospital and schedules a follow up appointment with the neurologist. When she returns to the neurologist, they discuss Kathy's different options for treatment. Because there is no cure for the disease, options in medication vary greatly. She decides to try daily injections of Copaxone, a medication that is similar in structure to a protein found in myelin. Kathy continues to see the neurologist on a regular basis and gives herself an injection every evening. Over the course of seven months of therapy, she only experiences one occurrence of numbness, which subsides after a couple of days. She tries to stay positive and tries to minimize the disease's impact on her life. Questions . What is myelin and how does it affect the transmission of nerve impulses? Identify the cells responsible for the formation of myelin. 8. What are the "scleroses" in Multiple Sclerosis and where do they occur? How does this influence nerve transmission 9. How do an MRI and spinal tap help confirm the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis 10. Why did steroids help alleviate Kathy's symptoms? 11. How does Copaxone work as treatment for Multiple Sclerosis? How do other types of medications differ 12. Why did Kathy experience the altered sensation in her lower body? Was there something wrong with her skin? Why couldn't she stand? Was there something wrong with the muscles of her right leg? 13. Did Kathy's hearing loss have anything to do with the Multiple Sclerosis? Why/Why notExplanation / Answer
7. Myelin is an insulated fatty sheath that surrounds most of the nerve fibers. Myelin helps speed up the impulses. Impulses traveling through myelinated nerve fibers travel much faster as they can jump from one sheath to another without traveling the entire length of nerve fibers. CNS myelin is produced by cells called oligodendrocytes. PNS myelin is produced by cells called Schwann cells.