Please i need answer for ,1,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,48,52,55. And i want a
ID: 3671601 • Letter: P
Question
Please i need answer for ,1,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,48,52,55. And i want all of them to be answered here wihout sending me a picture for solutions (Asterisked problems are associated with optional sections) ed 1. List four activities of a typical operating 2. Summarize the distinction between batch pro- 3. Suppose three items R, S, and T are placed in a system w. cessing and interactive processing. ed ns queue in that order. Then one item is removed from the queue before a fourth item, X, is placed in the queue. Then one item is removed from the queue, the items Y and Z are placed in the queue, and then the queue is emptied by removing one item at a time. List all the items in the order in which they were removed. 4. What is the difference between embedded sys- tems and PCs? 5. What is a multitasking operating system? 6. If you have a PC, identify some situations in which you can take advantage of its multitask- ing capabilities 7. On the basis of a computer system with which you are familiar, identify two units of application software and two units of utility software. Then explain why you classified them as you did. 8. a. What is the role of the user interface of an operating system? b. What is the role of the kernel of an operat- 9. What directory structure is described by the 10. Define the term process as it is used in the 11. What information is contained in a process 12. What is the difference between a process that 13. What is the difference between virtual mem- ing system? path X/Y/Z? context of operating systems. table within an operating system? is ready and a process that is waiting? ory and main memory?Explanation / Answer
1. Four activities of a typical operating system:
a) Memory Organization
b) File System (and disk) management
c) Program execution + Multitasking
d) Hardware detection and management
3. A queue follows fifo ( first in first out).
So the order is R S T X Y Z
6. Multitasking is the computer's ability to handle multiple applications or events at once. For example, while playing music in the Windows Media Player, we can open Microsoft Word and do our task, we can run an anti-virus software at the same time. Similarly, while installing a software you can open a browser to browse something. This is called Multitasking.
9. The path x/y/z represents a hierarchial directory structure. Z is the current working directory.
12. Ready state: Ready state means that the process is waiting to be assigned to a processor. For example, after completion of input and output, a process is in ready state and waits for the CPU to execute it.
Waiting state: When a process is waiting for some event to occur, it is said to be in waiting state. For example, when a process waits for input-output operations, it is in waiting state.
15.It depends on the type of access that the processes want to perform. In case both of them are readers, there is typically no issue in allowing them to read the file concurrently since no modifications are performed on the content itself. In this situation you can think of it as a constant variable: access is not destructive. On the other hand, if at least one of the processes wants to write on the file, then generally it is granted exclusive access to it, otherwise, the data received by the other processes would be inconsistent.
Also, requests are generally not denied, but rather delayed, since the process would still be able to access the file at some point in the future under normal circumstances. The situations in which the access is denied is when the process has not the right privileges to access the file.
18.Booting is the act of switching on the computer and loading the operating system.
The following is a summary of the boot process in a PC:
21.
There are 1,000,000 nanoseconds (ns) per 1 millisecond (ms) so we can write the ratio as (1,000,000ns / 1ms).
There are 5 instructions (ins) per 1 nanosecond (ns) so we can write the ratio as (5ins / 1ns).
We know that the program runs for 10ms.
24. Scheduler, Dispatcher, Time Slice, Process Switch Interrupt Handler.
30. 1. Hardware stacks program counter, etc. 2. Hardware loads new program counter from interrupt vector. 3. Assembly language procedure saves registers. 4. Assembly language procedure sets up new stack. 5. C interrupt service runs (typically reads and buffers input). 6. Scheduler decides which process is to run next. 7. C procedure returns to the assembly code. 8. Assembly language procedure starts up new current process.
33. CPU always completes an instruction before recognizing an interrupt, the task of testing and setting the flag cannot be split when it is implemented as a single instruction
Then we can write the equation like so such that the units cancel out:
instructions = (10ms)*(1,000,000ns/1ms)*(5ins/1ns)
instructions = (10 * 1,000,000ns)/1 * (5ins/1ns) ---- milliseconds cancel
instructions = (10,000,000 * 5ins)/1 ----- nanoseconds cancel
instructions = 50,000,000ins ------ left with instructions
48. Multitasking of CPU involves performing more than one task at once. In such cases, one task may require restricted access and another process requires unrestricted access. To facilitate this, the CPU must be capable of operating at different privilege levels.
52.Firmware is software, tends to be embedded into the hardware at manufacturing time and it is not expected to change for the lifetime of the hardware device. For example, a mobile phone. A firmware update is from its manufacturer and an operating system update (example Microsoft) is provided by the owner of that OS.