Part 1: Briefly describe and evaluate a program (or the types of programs) in pl
ID: 1109429 • Letter: P
Question
Part 1: Briefly describe and evaluate a program (or the types of programs) in place in India that is intended to influence the fertility choices of individuals. These programs may also focus on maternal and infant health. Address the following points in your presentation Give details that explain how the program works. How would you classify this program in terms of type of policy(ies) (economic incentives economic disincentives, moral suasion/regulation, or subsidized family planning services)? e How is the program or set of programs intended to influence fertility choices? In other words, which of the main determinants (income, education, access to employment, access to modern contraception) of fertility choices is the program or set of programs targeted at influencing? Evaluate the success to date and/or likely future success of the program(s) in influencing fertility choices. Explain whether you think the program you have described is likely to affect future rates of chronic undernutrition in India. Part 2: Now discuss what types of programs you would find acceptable if they were applied to you. You may or may not think it is acceptable for government to have a role in influencing the number of children a family has. Which of the following types of government policies to influence the number of children you have would you and would you not find acceptable if applied to you and why Be sure to discuss each of the following: Free availability of birth control supplies (e.g., pills, condoms). A payment equal to 10% of your annual income to undergo voluntary sterilization after you have had children equal to a targeted limit. Loss of an income tax deduction for children over a targeted limit. Fine and requirement to pay tuition for the education of children over a targeted limit. Forced sterilization after you have had children equal to a targeted limit. Child support payment for having additional children above a targeted number · Here are some sources to get started with: World Population Data Sheet 2017 http://www.unfpa.org/ http://www.prb.org/, use topic/geography drop down menu http://www.psi.org http://www.popcouncil.org/ http://www.ippf.org/Explanation / Answer
Dear student,
As it is asked to give presentation, i will provide all the relevant information regarding the question, you can pick the core concepts and issues and can prepare PPT. while the explaination can be used to provide additional information to the class.
PART 1:
The government of India is the first in the world to launch Family planning program in the world in the year 1952 called National Program for family planning. Over the period the policies and approaches have changed and now it not only focus on population stabilization but also promote reproductive health and reduce maternal, infant & child mortality and morbidity. Various programmes are launched to achieve Population control in India.
Initially the focus is on targetted family planning operations of vasectomy and tubectomy for both men and women. The fertility choice during 1950 - 1980 is mostly influenced by these methods. However Government has realised that the coersive family planning and targetted approach have not yielded intended benefits. The change in approach to providing reproductive health care, moral suasion, improving education and health, incentives for family planning, increasing use of contraceptives is brought by government. NGOs , civil societies and local self governments are used to achieve the goals of family planning.
In this context Government of India has launched a scheme called "Parivar Vikas" or " Family Welfare". The following are details of the Program.
Objectives: The objective of mission is to accelerate access to high quality family planning choices based on information, reliable services and supplies within a rights basd frame work.
• Improve access to contraceptives through delivering assured services, dovetailing with new promotional schemes, ensuring commodity security.
• It will also ensure building capacity (service providers), creating an enabling environment along with close monitoring and implementation.
The salient features of the scheme:
Lowering maternal and infant mortality rate: By providing improved health services in the rural areas in the 145 most backwards districts of India.
Target of Ideal Total Fertility Rate( TFR): bring down TFR from 4 to 2.1 in the focus districts.
Making Contraceptives available:
Incentives for family planning:
Training of community Health workers:
About 47,000 nurses and community social workers would be trained to give these injectables.
Awareness campaign:
New Family Planning Media Campaign, A 360 degree media campaign has been launched to generate contraceptive demand.
Apart from this scheme there are other initiatives take by the government. They are as follows
New Contraceptive Choices: The current basket of choice has been expanded to include the new contraceptives viz.Injectable contraceptive, Centchroman and Progrsterone Only Pills (POP).
Redesigned Contraceptive Packaging: The packaging for Condoms, OCPs and ECPs has now been improved and redesigned so as to influence the demand for these commodities.
Emphasis on Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) services with PPIUCD and promotion of minilap as the main mode of providing sterilization in the form of post-partum sterilization to capitalize on the huge cases coming in for institutional delivery.
Scheme for Home delivery of contraceptives by community health workers at doorstep of beneficiaries.
2. The scheme can be classified as a economic incentive scheme where the person will be compensated for under going family planning operation. Along with it the family planning is highly subsidised and was availed for free of cost by the person. Moral suasion to increase gap between the child births by community health worker and usage of contraceptives will reduce the fertility rates. The scheme also proposed to increase the reproductive health facilities in rural areas there by reducing birth rates in long run.
3.The Program is intended to influence the fertility choices by the following or Key determinanats are:
a)Making available the modern contraceptives in the most remote rural areas, there by avoiding the inceidents of pregnancy.
b)Economical benefits are given for the person who under go family planning.
c) Improved health facilities which reduces IMR and MMR.
4) As a result of the initiatives of the Government, the country’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined from 2.7 in 2006 to 2.2 in 2016 (NFHS- IV). The decadal growth rate has declined from 21.54 % in 1990-2000 to 17.64 % during 2001-11. The Crude Birth Rate has declined from 23.8 in 2005 to 20.8 (SRS 2015) and 24 states/UTs have already achieved the replacement level TFR of 2.1 or less out of 36 states/UTs. However the TFR in the most backward districts which are 145 in number is around 4, which is a cause of concern for the Governements and international development agencies. The Mission "Parivar Vikas" Or " Family Welfare" will address this core issues. IT is projected to reduce the TFR and bring down from 4 to 2.1 by the year 2020 .
5. The chronic rate of undernutrition in India can be addressed by the Program in the following way:
a) Improved health facilities will reduce the IMR there by controlling child deaths.
b) It will provide universal immunisation to the child there by reducing the incidence of diseases. thus addressing the morbidity and mortality.
c) As the Number of children in family are limited or controlled. More focus and resources will be spent on the child . thus increasing the nutritional levels.
d) The spacing between births are increased there by imrpvoving the birth outcomes of the child.
PART 2:
Dear student , the question is individual centric and asking your opinion. so please put forward your views to make presentation better. All the best.
P.S according to chegg policy, only 4 sub parts need to be answered. To make student confident i ve tried my best to answer all relavent parts.
ALL the best