Initial prognosis José is a 32-year-old landscaper living in Phoenix, Arizona. R
ID: 151186 • Letter: I
Question
Initial prognosis José is a 32-year-old landscaper living in Phoenix, Arizona. Ray is José 64-year-old father and lives in Miami, Florida, where he golfs frequently. Ray and José were both diagnosed with metastatic melanoma within 2 months of one another. QUESTION: What does is mean that their cancers are "metastatic" i.e., have undergone metastasis? ANSWER QUESTION: Both individuals are diagnosed as having stage VI cancer. José's cancer has spread to his lungs, while Ray's cancer has spread to his liver. Based on a recent study by Sandru et al., 2014 (pdD, what is their 1-year prognosis for survival? (Hint: see Table 1) ANSWERExplanation / Answer
Answer 1.
cancers cells have some special properties that make them cancerous,
1. they can stimulate their own growth
2. these cells have resistance against inhibitory signals or insensitive to inhibitory signals.
3. these cells have resistance against their apoptosis ( program cell death)
4. they have limitless proliferative power ( indefinite division)
5. stimulate angiogenesis ( formation of blood vessels for the supply of nutrients to tumor cells)
6. most important that makes them metastatic is tissue invasion ( invade local tissue and migrate to other tissue or organs)
so the power of invasion is making tumor to cancer.
Answer 2.
According to sandru et al 2014, patients with metastases in the liver the prognosis for survival is 5.5 months (95%CI = 3.3 – 7.6 months)
and with lung metastases is - 13 months (95%CI = 0.0 – 28.9 months)