Individuals with strong religious beliefs often turn to their faith to cope with
ID: 3267354 • Letter: I
Question
Individuals with strong religious beliefs often turn to their faith to cope with stressful life events. Relying on God's love and caring is referred to as positive religious coping Andrea Phelps and her colleagues studied the relationship between positive religious coping and the type of care received by terminally cancer patients. Most of the patients in the study were Christian. [Source: Phelps, A. et al Religious coping and use of intensive life-prolonging care near death in patients with advanced cancer." Journal of the American Medical Association, 301 (2009): 1140-1147.] Suppose another researcher conducts a similar study but uses a sample of patients whose religious traditions are more varied than the patients in the Phelps study. She samples 300 terminally ill patients to see whether their having a high level of positive religious coping is related to how likely they are to want their doctors to do everything possible to prolong their lives The following table shows the results of the study Observed Frequencies Wants His or Her Doctor to Do Everything Possible Positive Religious Coping High Not High Yes 17 13 No 124 146 The researcher will use the chi-square test for independence to check whether there is a significant relationship between whether terminally ill patients have a high level of positive religious coping and whether they want their doctors to do everything possible to prolong their lives. To do this test, which of the following assumptions and/or restrictions are required? Check all that apply The population sampled must be normal The variables must be independent of each other The smallest expected frequency must be greater than 5% of the total sample The observations must be independent. The researcher's null hypothesis is: "Among terminally ill patients, there is no relationship between whether they have a high level of positive religious coping and whether they want their doctors to do everything possble to prolong their lives." Fill in the following table of expected frequencies Expected Frequencies Wants His or Her Doctor to Do Everything Possible Positive Religious Coping High Not High Yes No The chi-square statistic isExplanation / Answer
applying chi square test of independence on above:
expected frequency are:
from above below is chi stat calculation table:
cjo square test statistics =1.250
degree of freedom =(rows-1)*(columns-1) =(2-1)*(2-1)=1
with 0.05 level; critical value =3.841
does not exceed the critical value the researcher does not reject the null........... that there is not convincing
Expected E=rowtotal*column total/grand total yes No high 14.100 126.900 Not high 15.900 143.100